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AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
WEST VIRGINIA. 
BY C.' S. SCOTT, SINKS GROVE. 
1. Fruit Sections— Fruits clo well in all parts of the State, but particularly 
in the northern, northeastern, eastern and southeastern sections and there the 
business is most extensively carried on. 
2. Soil — The soils best adapted to the raising of the apple, pear and plum 
are those having a strong, productive, red clay subsoil'; this is of first impor- 
tance as trees planted on any other kind of soil are sure to disappoint at least 
in a majority of cases. If the above kinds are planted on land having a 
sandy, peaty, white clay or gravel hard-pan, or if the subsoil is filled with 
water, one has no assurance of success with either tree or fruit. The trees are 
small in growth, unproductive and short lived, and the fruit is lacking in 
size, color and flavor. The same is true with grapes, currants and gooseber- 
ries. Do not, plant on land where the natural growth was pine of any kind, 
sycamore, black jack, honey locust, sourwood or chestnut oak. Peaches, 
cherries, Japan plums, and grapes do best on light loamy soils of a gravelly 
nature, or sand with clay subsoil. 
Most fruits reach the highest perfection at 2,500 to 3,000 feet above Chesa- 
peake Bay. 
3. Varieties: Apples — Yellow Transparent, Williams Favorite, Benoni, 
Sweet Bough, Wealthy, Summer Rambo, Golden Sweet, Nyack Pippin, Jef- 
feris, Grimes Golden, Wolf River, Bonum, Golden Russet, Salome, Ben 
Davis, Gano, York Imperial. Stayman Winesap, Fallawater, Oldenburg, Rhode 
Island. Pears — Wilder, Angouleme, Elizabeth, Bessemianka, Clapp Favor- 
ite, Bartlett, Seckel, Vermont Beauty, Idaho and Kieffer, the latter 
blooms early and is injured quite often by frost. Plums— Red June, 
Niagara, Lombard, Shropshire and Sweet Damson. Quinces— Orange. 
Peaches— Amsden, Mountain Rose, Stump, Lovett White, Elberta, Wager and 
Champion. Grapes— Worden, Winchell, Martha, Concord, and Hosford. Cur- 
rants — Red Dutch, Red Cross, Victoria, Crystal White, Black Champion, and 
Lee. Gooseberries— Downing, and Houghton. Blackberries — Erie. Raspber- 
ries — Ohio, Cuthbert and Loudon. Strawberries— Bederwood, Parker Earle, 
Greenville, Brandywine and Gandy. 
4. Cultivation is generally practiced at least for several years after the 
trees are set. No particular crops are grown. 
5. Winter cover crops are not sown. 
6. All kinds of fertilizers are used, including stable manure. 
8. Insects and Diseases— The apple and peach borers are very troublesome 
in some sections, while the curculio is by far the worst insect pest we have. 
The grape and plum are ttacked by rot and the apple by the scab fungus. 
Jarring is used for curculio and spraying for apple scab. 
9. Irrigation is not practiced. 
11. Evaporated Fruit — Apples, peaches and cherries are the kinds of fruit 
most used in this section, the best apples for this purpose are Wealthy, Maiden 
Blush, Jefferis, Gideon, Wolf River, Grimes Golden, Summer Rambo, Fall 
Pippin, Rhode Island Greening and any of the free peaches may be used. 
12. Hardiness— Last winter gave a good opportunity for studying the rela- 
tive hardiness of fruits. The following apples were not injured: Yellow 
Transparent, Wealthy, Bonum, Wolf River, Chenango, Hurlbut, Gideon, Long- 
field, Grimes Golden, Golden Russet, Ben Davis, Salome, Red Canada, Stay- 
