LANDS AND SURVEYS. 
The control of the Land and Revenue Survey Depart- 
ments rests with the Resident of each State, who, subject 
in certain cases to the approval of the Resident-General, 
directs all business connected with the sale, leasing and dis- 
posal of State lands, and all public surveys undertaken by 
the Revenue Survey Department. 
To facilitate administration, each State is divided into 
districts. In each district there are one or more Land 
Offices, under the charge of the District Officer; and in most 
districts a Survey Office, under the management of a Dis- 
trict Surveyor. 
The business of the Land and Survey Departments is- 
carried on under “The Land Enactment, 1903;” “The 
Alining Code, 1904;” the “Registration of Titles Regu- 
lation, 1891;” and the “Registration of Titles Enactment, 
1897.” 
According to the Malay theory of land tenure, all pro- 
perty in land is vested in the Royal authority ; the subjects 
of the King are permitted to clear and use such portions of 
waste land as they may require, subject to the payment of a 
tax more or less regularly collected, and of a somewhat in- 
definite character, and the performance of certain feudal 
duties. 
This principle — the State ownership of all lands — has 
been embodied in the Land Laws of the Federation. There 
is consequently no such thing as freehold property in land 
in the Native States : all land belongs to the State, and is 
granted to individuals for their use for certain purposes 
and under certain conditions. What these conditions 
generally are will be set out later in deta.il ; it will be 
enough to point out here that a breach of any of the con- 
ditions renders the land liable to resumption. Whether 
land is alienated on payment of premium or by sale at 
auction, it is so alienated subject to conditions, some of 
which are implied by the Enactment, and others expressed 
in the document of title, and it is only subject to the pay- 
ment of dues and compliance with conditions that any land 
is secured to the use of a grantee in perpetuity. 
THE LAND LAWS OF THE FEDERATION. 
ABSTKACT OF “THE LAND ENACTMENT, 1903.” 
State land is defined to mean all lands which have not 
been or may not hereafter be reserved for a public purpose, 
