60 
THE GREAT BLACK -BACKED GULL 
on its domains, it keeps over him at a safe distance, not sailing so much as 
moving to either side with continued flappings. To secure the fishes on 
which it more usually preys, it sweeps downwards with velocity, and as it 
glides over the spot, picks up its prey with its bill. If the fish be small, 
the Gull swallows it on wing, but if large, it either alights on the water, or 
flies to the nearest shore to devour it. 
Although a comparatively silent bird for three-fourths of the year, the 
Great Black-backed Gull becomes very noisy at the approach of the breed- 
ing season, and continues so until the young are well fledged, after which it 
resumes its silence. Its common notes, when it is interrupted or surprised, 
sound like each, each, each. While courting, they are softer and more 
lengthened, and resemble the syllables cawah, which are often repeated as 
it sails in circles or otherwise, within view of its mate or its place of abode. 
This species walks well, moving firmly and with an air of importance. 
On the water it swims lightly but slowly, and may soon be overtaken by a 
boat. It has no power of diving, although at times, when searching for 
food along the shores, it will enter the water on seeing a crab or a lobster, 
to seize it, in which it at times succeeds. I saw one at Labrador plunge 
after a large crab in about two feet of water, when, after a tug, it hauled it 
ashore, where it devoured it in my sight. I watched its movements with a 
glass, and could easily observe how it tore the crab to pieces, swallowed 
its body, leaving the shell and the claws, after which it flew off to its young 
and disgorged before them. 
It is extremely voracious, and devours all sorts of food excepting vege- 
tables, even the most putrid carrion, but prefers fresh fish, young birds, or 
small quadrupeds, whenever they can be procured. It sucks the eggs of 
every bird it can find, thus destroying great numbers of them, as well as 
the parents, if weak or helpless. I have frequently seen these Gulls attack 
a flock of young Ducks while swimming beside their mother, when the latter, 
if small, would have tp take to wing, and the former would all dive, but 
were often caught on rising to the surface, unless they happened to be among 
rushes. The Eider Duck is the only one of the tribe that risks her life, on 
such occasions, to save that of her young. She will frequently rise from the 
water, as her brood disappear beneath, and keep the Gull at bay, or harass it 
until her little ones are safe under some shelving rocks, when she flies off in 
another direction, leaving the enemy to digest his disappointment. But 
while the poor Duck is sitting on her eggs in any open situation, the 
marauder assails her, and forces her off, when he sucks the eggs in her very 
sight. Young Grouse are also the prey of this Gull, which chases them 
over the moss-covered rocks, and devours them before their parents. It 
follows the shoals of fishes for hours at a time, and usually with great success. 
