RUDDY DUCK. 
39 
sides of the neck greyish-brown, lower part of neck dull reddish-brown, 
waved with dusky ; upper parts as in the adult, but of a duller tint ; lowei 
parts greyish-white. 
Young in December. 
Bill dusky ; iris hazel ; feet yellowish-green, webs dusky. All the upper 
parts dull reddish-brown, tinged with grey, and barred with dusky ; wings 
and tail dark greyish-brown. Cheeks, fore part and sides of neck, and all 
the lower parts, dull yellowish-white, undulated with dusky ; as is the rump 
above ; the lower tail-coverts white. 
The tongue of a male is 1 inch 8 twelfths long, and of the same general 
form as that of the Fuligulas, but a little more dilated at the en'd. The oeso- 
phagus is h inch in diameter until its entrance into the thorax, when it con- 
tracts, and again expands to 6 twelfths, to form the proventriculus, of which 
the glandules are oblong, small, and very numerous, occupying a space of 2£ 
inches in length. The stomach is a strong gizzard, of a roundish form, 1 
inch 5 twelfths long, 1£ inches broad ; its lateral muscles very large, and 
about 8 twelfths- thick ; the epithelium confined to two round spaces h inch 
in diameter, opposite the lateral muscles. The intestine is 5 feet lh inches 
long, its diameter varying from 5 twelfths to 3$ twelfths. The rectum is 2 
inches 10 twelfths long ; the coeca 4 inches 2 twelfths, their greatest diame- 
ter 2£ twelfths. 
In another male, the oesophagus is Ti inches long ; the stomach 1 inch 5 
twelfths long, 1 inch 6 twelfths broad ; the intestine 5 feet 11 inches long ; 
the rectum 2f inches ; the coeca 4<t inches, their greatest diameter 21 
twelfths. 
The trachea is hi inches long. The thyroid bone is comparatively large, 
forming an expansion 7 twelfths long, 5 twelfths broad. At its upper part 
the trachea has a diameter of 3 twelfths, atfbut the middle enlarges to 4 
twelfths, and so continues nearly to the end, when it contracts to 2 twelfths. 
The last ring is very large, being formed of five or six united rings, of which 
the last two or three are split ; but there is no expansion or tympanum as in 
other Ducks. The muscles are as in the other species of this family. The 
bronchi are of moderate length, with about 15 half rings. 
