LONG-TAILED DUCK. 
95 
the primaries internally. The middle four feathers of the tail brownish- 
black, the outer two of these slightly margined with white, all the rest 
white, but the inner with a longitudinal dusky patch on the outer web. 
Length to end of tail 23 inches, to end of wings 15, to end of claws IT ; 
extent of wings 294 ; wing from flexure 91 j middle tail-feathers 10, lateral 
tail-feathers 24 ; bill along the ridge , along the edge of lower mandible 
1 T 8 2 5 tarsus l T 2 f ; outer toe and claw 3 T 3 2, middle toe and claw lfV, hind toe 
and claw 
Female in summer. 
The female is somewhat less than the male, and differs not only in colour, 
but in the scapulars, which are not elongated, and in the tail, which is short 
and rounded. The bill and feet are dusky-green, the iris yellow. The head 
is dark greyish-brown, with a patch of greyish-white surrounding the eye, 
but not extending to the bill ; there is a larger patch of the same colour on 
the side of the neck, the hind part of which is similar to the head, the fore 
part greyish-brown, the feathers broadly margined with whitish. All the 
upper parts are of a dark greyish-brown, the two lateral tail-feathers edged 
with white ; the lower parts white, the feathers under the wings slightly 
tinged with grey. 
Length to end of tail 15f. inches, to end of wings 144, to end of claws 
161 ; extent of wings 264 ; wing from flexure 8 ; middle tail-feathers 2 T 9 - S , 
lateral 2£ ; bill along the ridge 1 T \, along the edge of lower mandible lyV 
Adult Male in winter. 
The outer half of the bill rich orange-yellow, that colour extending to 
the base along the ridge, the unguis and the basal half black, as well as the 
unguis and edges of the lower mandible. The head, neck, and fore part of 
back and scapulars, white ; the space about the eye pale greyish-red, and a 
large oblong patch of chocolate-brown on the side of the neck. The upper 
parts, including the four middle tail-feathers, are brownish-black, but the 
secondary quills tinged with reddish-brown, and having paler margins. The 
anterior half of the breast chocolate-brown, the rest of the lower parts and 
the four lateral tail-feathers white. 
Unfledged Young. 
The young, when newly excluded, are covered with stiffish down. Bill 
and feet greenish-dusky ; the upper parts chocolate-brown ; a small spot of 
white under the eye ; throat and lower parts whitish, as well as an oblong 
patch on the cheeks. 
The young male in winter, that is, after its first moult, has the bill and 
legs dusky-green. The head and half of the neck are whitish ; the upper 
part of the former and a patch on the side of the latter mottled with broWn- 
ish-black and chocolate. The upper parts brownish-black, variegated with 
