BUFF-BREASTED MERGANSER. 105 
long ; the lobes of the liver are nearly equal, the right being 8 inches *7 
twelfths long, the left 8 inches 3 twelfths. 
The upper mandible has about 28 recurved conical, acute, horny papillae, 
and an internal series of smaller, on each side ; the tip of the unguis serru- 
late ; on the lower mandible are about 40 of the same nature. The tongue 
is 2 inches 1 twelfth long, fleshy, emarginate, and papillate at the base, 
tapering, with a double row of slender reversed papillm along the upper 
surface, and two lateral series of filaments on each side ; the tip lacerated, 
horny on the back. Posterior nasal aperture oblong, 10 twelfths in length, 
papillate on the edges. Aperture of the glottis twelfths long. The 
mouth is 10 twelfths in breadth, but may be extended to 1 inch 9 twelfths. 
The oesophagus is 104 inches long, its diameter 1 inch 7 twelfths on the 
neck, contracting to 8 twelfths as it enters the thorax, but again expanding ; 
the external coat of transverse muscular fibres very thick ; the internal layer 
of longitudinal fibres very distinct ; the mucous coat thrown into prominent 
longitudinal plaits when contracted ; the mucous follicles disposed in longi- 
tudinal single series. The proventriculus is 2 inches long, the glandules 
very numerous, oblong, about 2 twelfths in length, forming a complete belt. 
The stomach is a strong gizzard, of moderate size, 2 inches long, the lateral 
muscles 5 twelfths thick ; the epithelium very thick, nearly 1 twelfth, longi- 
tudinally rugous. In' the stomach and gullet was a fish 9 inches long, the 
portions lying in the stomach and proventriculus partially dissolved, the 
rest 4 inches long, not acted upon ; there were also two fragments of quartz, 
one of them a quarter of an inch long. The intestine is long, measuring 6 
feet 8 inches, its diameter from 5 to 3 twelfths. The coeca are 8 inches long 
for half an inch li twelfths in diameter, in the rest of their extent 4 twelfths. 
The rectum 5 inches long, including the cloaca, which has a diameter of an 
inch and a quarter. 
The trachea, 10^ inches long, has at first a diameter of 4 twelfths, dilates 
gradually to 8 twelfths, then contracts to 4 twelfths, enlarges a second time 
to 7 twelfths, and gradually contracts to 3 twelfths. In this space the rings, 
146, are strong, broad, and osseous. At its lower part is an enormous 
dilatation composed of numerous united rings, bulging irregularly on the 
right side and behind, and on the left expanded into a case having two large 
spaces filled by membrane ; the greatest diameter of this tympanum is 2 
inches and 2 twelfths. The bronchi come off at the distance of nearly an 
inch from each other, an d ar e short, but wide, with about 25 half-rings. The 
lateral or contractor muscles are very strong, give off a pair of cleido- 
tracheals from the second enlargement, and at the commencement of the 
labyrinth the sterno-tracheals, which are also very large ; but there are no 
other inferior laryngeal muscles. 
Yol. VII.— 14 
