AMERICAN WHITE PELICAN. 
189 
the proventriculus is about 4 h twelfths of an inch. The stomach, e, pro- 
perly so called, is extremely small, being of a roundish, compressed form, 
li inches in length, and of the same breadth ; its muscular coat composed 
* of slender fasciculi, and not presenting a distinction into lateral and inferior 
muscles, its inner coat smooth. Appended to it on the right side is a sac,jT, 
of a roundish form, IfV inches in length, and 11 in breadth, joining it by a 
contraction, of which the diameter is 1 inch, and opening directly into the 
proventriculus, as well as into the stomach ; its walls thin, its inner surface 
smooth, with numerous mucous crypts irregularly disposed. The pylorus, 
g, is exceedingly small, 1£ twelfths in diameter, with a thickened margin. 
The duodenum, g, h, i, passes backwards and upwards to the length of 61 
inches, returns upon itself enclosing the pancreas, receives the biliary ducts 
at the distance of 14 inches from the pylorus. The gall-bladder is oblong, 
. 2 inches long, and 10 twelfths broad. The intestine then forms numerous 
convolutions, j, Ic, l, occupying the whole abdomen, and lying in part over 
the stomach and proventriculus. Its entire length is 10 feet 10 inches. Its 
diameter varies little, it being at the upper part 5 twelfths of an inch, 
towards the rectum 3£ twelfths. The rectum is 5£ inches long, including 
the cloaca, m, which is globular, and about 2% inches in diameter. The 
coeca are 1 inch and 1 twelfth in length, 4 twelfths in diameter, cylindrical, 
rounded at the end. The muscular coat of the intestine is very strong, the 
inner villous. 
One of the testes is 1 inch long, the other 1J ; their form oblong. In the 
proventriculus and stomach is a vast accumulation of small lumbrici, about 
1J inches in length, and amounting to about 1000. 
The trachea is 1 foot 10 inches long, a little flattened, § inch in diameter 
throughout, but a little narrower about the middle ; the rings 160, not ossi- 
fied, excepting the lower. The contractor muscles are very small ; as are 
the sterno-tracheal ; and the inferior larynx is destitute of muscles. The 
bronchi are large, 5 twelfths in diameter, of 25 half rings. 
The upper mandible is hollow in its whole extent ; but the lateral spaces 
intervening between the edges of the median bone or ridge and the margins, 
are filled with a beautiful net- work of bony spiculm. The two superior 
maxillary branches of the fifth pair of nerves, which are very large, being 
about 1 twelfth of an inch in diameter at the base, run close together along 
the median line, sending off branches at intervals, and extending to the end 
©f the mandible. The lower mandible is also hollow, and similarly reticu- 
lated. The inferior maxillary branch, having entered on the inner side at 
the base, runs in like manner along its whole length, and is of the same 
thickness ; by an aperture on the outer side near the base, it sends off a 
branch almost as thick, which runs within the membrane of the gular sac, 
