298 
Fishery Bulletin 115(3) 
Fore, P. L. 
1970. Eggs and larvae of the Gulf menhaden. In Report 
of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biology Labora- 
tory, Beaufort, N.C., for the fiscal year ending June 30, 
1968. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Circ. 341 (K. A. Henry, J. 
H. Kutkuhn, and staff), p. 11-13. Bur. Commer. Fish., 
U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., U.S. Dep. Interior, Washington, DC. 
Fuiman, L. A., T. L. Connelly, S. K. Lowerre-Barbieri, and J. 
W. McClelland. 
2015. Egg boons: central components of marine fatty acid 
food webs. Ecology 96:362-372. 
Ganias, K. 
2013. Determining the indeterminate: evolving concepts 
and methods on the assessment of the fecundity pattern 
of fishes. Fish. Res. 138:23-30. 
Ganias, K., S. Somarakis, A. Machias, and A. Theodorou. 
2004. Pattern of oocyte development and batch fecundity 
in the Mediterranean sardine. Fish. Res. 67:13-23. 
Ganias, K., S. K. Lowerre-Barbieri, and W. Cooper. 
2015. Understanding the determinate-indeterminate 
fecundity dichotomy in fish populations using a tem- 
perature dependent oocyte growth model. J. Sea Res. 
96:1-10. 
Ganias, K., F.-A. Mouchlianitis, C. Nunes, A.-M. Costa, and 
M.-M. Angelico. 
2017. A reassessment of the fecundity type of Atlantic 
horse mackerel ( Trachurus trachurus) in Atlantic Iberi- 
an waters (ICES division IXa) shows that indeterminate 
spawners can cease recruiting oocytes during the spawn- 
ing season. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 74:31-40. 
Govoni, J. J. 
1997. The association of the population recruitment of 
gulf menhaden, Brevoortia patronus, with Mississippi 
River discharge. J. Mar. Syst. 12:101-108. 
Grier, H. J. and M. C. Uribe Aranzabal. 
2009. The testis and spermatogenesis in telosts. In Re- 
productive biology and Phylogeny of fishes (agnathans 
and bony fishes), vol. 8A (B. G. M. Jamieson, ed.), p. 119- 
142. Science Publishers, Enfield, NH. 
Huntsman, G. R., and R. B. Chapoton. 
1973. Biostatistical data acquisition in the menhaden 
fisheries. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 102:452-456. 
Isaac-Nahum, V. J., R. de D. Cardoso, G. Servo, and C. L. del 
B. Rossi-Wongtschowski. 
1988. Aspects of the spawning biology of the Brazilian 
sardine, Sardinella brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1879), 
(Clupeidae). J. Fish Biol. 32:383-396. 
Klibansky, N., and F. S. Scharf. 
2015. Success and failure assessing gonad maturity in se- 
quentially hermaphroditic fishes: comparisons between 
macroscopic and microscopic methods. J. Fish Biol. 
87:930-957. 
Kruschke, J. K. 
2014. Doing Bayesian data analysis: a tutorial with R, 
JAGS, and Stan, 2 nd ed., 776 p. Academic Press, London. 
Lajud, N.A., J. M. Dfaz de Astarloa, and M. Gonzalez-Castro. 
2016. Reproduction of Brevoortia aurea (Spix & Agassiz, 
1829) (Actinopterygii: Clupeidae) in the Mar Chiquita 
Coastal Lagoon, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Neotrop. Ich- 
thyol. 14:el50064.. 
Lewis, R. M., and C. M. Roithmayr. 
1981. Spawning and sexual maturity of Gulf menhaden, 
Brevoortia patronus. Fish. Bull. 78:947-951. 
Lo, N. C. H., B. J. Macewicz, and D. A. Griffith. 
2010. Spawning biomass of Pacific sardine ( Sardinops 
sagax) off the U.S. in 2010. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS- 
SWFSC-463, 35 p. 
Lowerre-Barbieri, S. K., K. Ganias, F. Saborido-Rey, H. Murua, 
and J. R. Hunter. 
2011. Reproductive timing in marine fishes: variabil- 
ity, temporal scales, and methods. Mar. Coast. Fish. 
3:71-91. 
Macchi, G. J., and E. M. Acha. 
2000. Spawning frequency and batch fecundity of Bra- 
zilian menhaden, Brevoortia aurea, in the Rfo de la 
Plata estuary off Argentina and Uruguay. Fish. Bull. 
98:283-289. 
McBride, R. S., R. Ferreri, E. K. Towle, J. M. Boucher, and G. 
Basilone. 
2016. Yolked oocyte dynamics support agreement between 
determinate- and indeterminate-method estimates of an- 
nual fecundity for a northeastern United States popula- 
tion of American shad. PLoS ONE ll(10):e0164203. 
Murua, H., and F. Saborido-Rey. 
2003. Female reproductive strategies of marine fish spe- 
cies of the north Atlantic. J. Northwest Atl. Fish. Soc. 
33:23-31. 
Plummer, M. 
2003. JAGS: a program for analysis of Bayesian graphi- 
cal models using Gibbs sampling. In Proceedings of 
the 3 rd International workshop on distributed statistical 
computing (DSC 2003); Vienna, Austria, 20-22 March 
2003 (K. Hornik, F. Leisch, and A. Zeileis, eds.), 1-10 
p. Technische Universitat Wien, Vienna, Austria. [Avail- 
able from website.] 
R Core Team. 
2015. R: a language and environment for statistical com- 
puting. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, 
Austria. [Available from website, accessed March 2015.] 
Sagarese, S. R., M. A. Nuttall, T. M. Geers, M. V. Lauretta, J. 
F. Walter III, and J. E. Serafy. 
2016. Quantifying the trophic importance of Gulf Menha- 
den within the northern Gulf of Mexico ecosystem Mar. 
Coast. Fish. 8:23-45. 
Schueller, A. M., D. S. Vaughan, and J. W. Smith. 
2012. Length-length conversions and weight-length rela- 
tionships for Gulf menhaden ( Brevoortia patronus) in the 
Gulf of Mexico. Gulf Mex. Sci. 30:54—59. 
Shaw, R. F., W. J. Wiseman Jr., R. E. Turner, L. J. Rouse Jr., R. 
E. Condrey, and F. J. Kelly Jr. 
1985. Transport of larval gulf menhaden Brevoortia patro- 
nus in continental shelf waters of western Louisiana: a 
hypothesis. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 114:452-460. 
Sogard, S. M., D. E. Hoss, and J. J. Govoni. 
1987. Density and depth distribution of larval gulf men- 
haden, Brevoortia patronus, Atlantic croaker, Micropogo- 
nias undulatus, and spot, Leiostomus xanthurus, in the 
northern Gulf of Mexico. Fish. Bull. 85:601-609. 
Stockley, R, M. J. G. Gage, G. A. Parker, and A. P. Mpller. 
1997. Sperm competition in fishes: the evolution of testis 
size and ejaculate characteristics. Am. Nat. 149:933- 
954. 
Tsikliras, A. C., and E. Antonopoulou. 
2006. Reproductive biology of round sardinella ( Sardi - 
