Molina et al.: Age and growth of Mustelus schmitti 
379 
Moulton, P. L., T. I. Walker, and S. R. Saddlier. 
1992. Age and growth studies of gummy shark, Mustelus 
antarcticus Gunther, and school shark, Galeorhinus gale- 
us (Linnaeus), from southern Australian waters. Aust. 
J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 43:1241-1267. 
Murawski, S. 
2000. Definitions of overfishing from an ecosystem per- 
spective. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 57:649-658. 
Natanson, L. J., J. G. Casey, and N. E. Kohler. 
1995. Age and growth estimates for the dusky shark, 
Carcharhinus obscurus, in the western North Atlantic 
Ocean. Fish. Bull. 93:116-126. 
Natanson, L. J., N. E. Kholer, D. Ardizzone, G. M. Cailliet, S. 
Wintner, and H. F. Mollet. 
2006. Validated age and growth estimates for the short- 
fin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus, in the North Atlantic 
Ocean. Environ. Biol. Fish. 77:367-383. 
Neer, J. A., B. A. Thompson, and J. K. Carlson. 
2005. Age and growth of Carcharhinus leucas in the 
northern Gulf of Mexico: incorporating variability in size 
at birth. J. Fish Biol. 67:370-383. 
Officer, R. A., A. S. Gason, T. I. Walker, and J. G. Clement. 
1996. Sources of variation in counts of growth incre- 
ments in vertebrae from gummy shark, Mustelus ant- 
arcticus, and school shark, Galeorhinus galeus : implica- 
tions for age determination. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 
53:1765-1777. 
Ogle, D. H. 
2015. Introductory fisheries analyses with R, 317 p. 
Chapman and Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, FL. 
Pauly, D. 
1980. On the interrelationships between natural mortal- 
ity, growth parameters, and mean environmental temper- 
ature in 175 fish stocks. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 39:175-192. 
1984. Recent developments in the methodology avail- 
able for the assessment of exploited fish stocks of 
reservoirs. In Status of African reservoir fisheries. 
CIFA Tech. Pap. 10 (J. M. Kapetsky and T. Petr, eds.), 
p. 321-326. FAO, Rome. 
Prince, J. D. 
2005. Gauntlet fisheries for elasmobranchs — the secret of 
sustainable shark fisheries. J. Northwest Atl. Fish. Sci. 
35:407-416. 
R Core Team. 
2016. R: a language and environment for statistical com- 
puting. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, 
Austria. [Available from website, accessed March 2016.] 
Reeves, S. A. 
2003. A simulation study of the implications of age-read- 
ing errors for stock assessment and management ad- 
vice. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 60:314-328. 
Ricker, W. E. 
1976. Review of the rate of growth and mortality of Pa- 
cific salmon in salt water, and noncatch mortality caused 
by fishing. J. Fish. Board Can. 33:1483-1524. 
Rigby, C. L., W. T. White, J. J. Smart, and C. A. Simpfendorfer. 
2016. Life histories of two deep-water Australian endemic 
elasmobranchs: Argus skate Dipturus polyommata and 
eastern spotted gummy shark Mustelus walkeri. J. Fish 
Biol. 88:1149-1174. 
Ritz, C., and J. C. Streibig. 
2008. Nonlinear regression with R, 148 p. Springer-Ver- 
lag, New York. 
Segura, A. M., and A. C. Milessi. 
2009. Biological and reproductive characteristics of the 
Patagonian smoothhound Mustelus schmitti (Chondrich- 
thyes, Triakidae) as documented from an artisanal fish- 
ery in Uruguay. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 25:78-82. 
Seki, T., T. Taniuchi, H. Nakano, and M. Shimizu. 
1998. Age, growth, and reproduction of the oceanic 
whitetip shark from the Pacific Ocean. Fish. Sci. 
64:14-20. 
Sidders, M. A., L. L. Tamini, J. E. Perez, and G. E. Chiaramonte. 
2005. Biologia reproductive del gatuzo Mustelus schmitti 
Springer, 1939 (Condrichtyes, Triakidae) en el area de 
Puerto Quequen, Provincia de Buenos Aires. Rev. Mus. 
Argent. Cienc. Nat., Nueva Ser. 7:89-101. 
Skomal, G. B., and L. J. Natanson. 
2003. Age and growth of the blue shark ( Prionace glauca) 
in the North Atlantic Ocean. Fish. Bull. 101:627-639. 
Smart, J. J., A. V. Harry, A. J. Tobin, and C. A. Simpfendorfer. 
2013. Overcoming the constraints of low sample sizes 
to produce age and growth data for rare or threatened 
sharks. Aquat. Conserv. 23:124-134. 
Smith, S. E., R. A. Mitchell, and D. Fuller. 
2003. Age-validation of a leopard shark (Triakis semifasci- 
ata) recaptured after 20 years. Fish. Bull. 101:194-198. 
Smith, W. D., G. M. Cailliet, and E. M. Melendez. 
2007. Maturity and growth characteristics of a com- 
mercially exploited stingray, Dasyatis dipterura. Mar. 
Freshw. Res. 58:54-66. 
Stevens, J. D., R. Bonfil, N. K. Dulvy, and P. A. Walker. 
2000. The effects of fishing on sharks, rays, and chimaeras 
(chondrichthyans), and the implications for marine eco- 
systems. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 57:476-494. 
Vooren, C. M. 
1997. Demersal elasmobranchs. In Subtropical conver- 
gence environments: the coast and sea in the southwest- 
ern Atlantic (U. Seeliger, C. Odebrecht, and J. P. Castello, 
eds.), p. 141-146. Springer- Verlag, Berlin, Germany. 
von Bertalanffy, L. 
1938. A quantitative theory of organic growth (inquiries 
on growth laws. II). Human Biol. 10:181-213. 
Yudin, K. G., and G. M. Cailliet. 
1990. Age and growth of the gray smoothhound, Mustelus 
californicus, and the brown smoothhound, M. henlei, 
sharks from central California. Copeia 1990:191-204. 
Article 
Zhu, L., L. Li, and Z. Liang. 
2009. Comparison of six statistical approaches in the 
selection of appropriate fish growth models. Chin. J. 
Oceanol. Limnol. 27:457-467. 
