184 
BROWN LARK. 
BROWN LARK — ALAUDA RUFA Plate XLII. Fig. 4. 
Red Lark, Edw. 297 Arct. Zool. No. 279 — Lath. ii. 376 L’Alouette aux joues 
brunesde Pennsylvanie, Buff. v. 58 Peak's Museum , No. 5138. 
ANTHUS L UDOVICIANUS Bonaparte.* 
Synonyms of Anthus Ludovieianus, Bonap. ( from his Nomenclature,') — “ Alauda 
rubra, Gmel. Lath. — Alauda Ludoviciana, Gmel. Lath Alauda Pennsylvanica, 
Briss. — Farlouzanne, Buff. Ois Alouette aux joues brunes de Pennsylvanie, 
Buff. Ois. — Lark from Pennsylvania, Ed. Glean, p. 297. — Red Lark, Penn . 
Brit, and Arct. Zool. Lath. Syn. — Louisiana Lark, Lath. Syn." — Anthus 
spinoletta, Bonap. Synop. p. 90. 
In what particular district of the northern regions this bird 
breeds, I am unable to say. In Pennsylvania, it first arrives 
from the north about the middle of October; flies in loose 
scattered flocks ; is strongly attached to flat, newly ploughed 
* Anthus is a genus of Bechstein’s, formed to contain birds which have been 
generally called Larks, but which have a nearer resemblance to the Motacillce , 
or Wagtails, and the Accentors. They are also allied to Seiurus of 
Swainson. 
The Prince of Musignano made this identical with the European Rock 
Lark, Anthus aquaticus, Bechst. Alauda spinoletta, Linn. ; but in his observa- 
tions on Wilson’s nomenclature, saw reason to change his opinion, and it will . 
now stand as A. Ludovieianus of that gentleman. Audubon has, on the 
other hand, placed it in his Biography as the European bird, but I fear, with 
too slender comparison ; and the same name is mentioned in the Northern 
Zoology, without comparing the arctic specimens with those of Britain or 
Europe. On these accounts, I rather trust to the observations of Bonaparte, 
which have been made from actual comparison. It must also be recollected, 
that the summer and winter dress of the Antld differ very considerably in their 
shades. 
Audubon has introduced in his Biography another Anthus, which he 
considers new, under the title of pipiens. It was only met with once, in the 
extensive prairies of the northwestern states, where two were killed; and 
though allied to the common Brown Titlark, were distinguished by the 
difference of their notes. If these specimens were not preserved, the species 
must rest on the authority of Mr Audubon’s plate, and, of course, admitted 
with doubt. — Ed. 
