250 
RAVEN. 
de Castries, on the east coast of Tartary; likewise at Port 
des Francois, 58° 37' north latitude, and 139° 50' west longi- 
tude; and at Monterey Bay, North California.* The Eng- 
lish circumnavigators met with them at Nootka Sound, f and 
at the Sandwich Islands, two being seen in the village of Ka- 
kooa; also at Owhyhee, and supposed to be adored there, as 
they were called Eatooas.:|: Our intrepid American travellers, 
under the command of Lewis and Clark, shortly after they 
embarked on the Columbia river, saw abundance of ravens, 
which were attracted thither by the immense quantity of dead 
salmon which lined the shores. § They are found at all sea- 
sons at Hudson’s Bay ; 1| are frequent in Mexico and it is 
more than probable that they inhabit the whole continent of 
America. 
The raven measures, from the tip of the bill to the end of 
the tail, twenty-six inches, and is four feet in extent ; the bill 
is large and strong, of a shining black, notched near the tip, 
and three inches long ; the setaceous feathers which cover the 
nostrils extend half its length ; the eyes are black ; the gene- 
ral colour is a deep glossy black, with steel-blue reflections ; 
the lower parts are less glossy ; the tail is rounded, and ex« 
tends about two inches beyond the wdngs ; the legs are two 
inches and a half in length, and, with the feet, are strong and 
black ; the claws are long. 
This bird is said to attain to a great age ; and its plumage 
to be subject to change from the influence of years and of cli- 
mate. It is found in Iceland and Greenland entirely white. 
The raven was the constant attendant of Lewis and Clark’s 
party in their long and toilsome journey. During the winter, 
at Fort Mandan, they were observed in immense numbers, 
* Voy. par I. F. G. De la Perouse, ii. p. 129, 203, 443. 
f Cook’s Last Voy. ii. p. 236. Am. ed. 
I Idem, iii. p. 329. § Gass’s Journal, p. 153. 
jj Charlevoix. Kalm. Hearne’s Journey. ^ Fernandez. 
