440 
FEMALE WHITE-WINGED CROSSBILL. 
of both are angular. The representation of the bill in Wil- 
son’s plate of the male, is remarkably exact. 
FEMALE WHITE-WINGED CROSSBILL.-— LOXIA LEUCOP- 
TERA — Plate XV. Fig. 3. 
See Wilson's American Ornithology, iv. p. 48, pi. 31, for the young male. — Loxia 
leucoptera, Gmel. Syst. i. p. 844, sp. 12. Vieill. Gal. Ois. i. p. 56, pi. 52, young 
male. Nob. Ohs. sp. 84. Id. Cat. and Syn. JBirds U. S. sp. 195 Loxia falci- 
rostra, Ind. p. 371, sp. 2 Le Bec-crolse leucoptfere, Sonn. Buff, xlvii. p. 
65. Vieill. Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat. 2d ed. iii. p. 339. — White-winged Crossbill, 
Lath. Syn. iii. p. 108, sp. 2. Id. Suppl. p. 148. Dixon, Voy. t. 20, p. 358, 
female. Penn. Arct. Zool. ii. sp. 208. My Collection, male, female, young, and 
middle-aged. 
LOXIA LEUCOPTERA.— ? 
See vol. ii. p. 42. 
The white- winged crossbill, first made known by Latham 
in his celebrated Synopsis, was subsequently introduced on his 
authority into all the huge compilations of the last century. 
Wilson gave us the first figure of it, which is that of the male, 
and promised a representation of the female, together with 
such additional facts, relative to its manners, as he might be 
able to ascertain.” It is to fulfil Wilson’s engagement that we 
now give a correct figure of the other sex of this species, which 
we are also enabled to describe minutely, in all its different 
states of plumage. This has never before been done, though 
Vieillot, since Wilson’s time, has compiled some account of 
its habits, described the female, and recently published a bad 
enough figure of the male in his Galerie des Oiseaux, 
The English name was bestowed by its discoverer, the 
scientific was imposed on it by the compiler, Gmelin, who, 
like the daw in the fable, though with much better success, 
appropriated to himself the borrowed plumes of others, making 
Latham’s new species his own, by being the first to give them 
scientific names, which the discoverer himself was afterwards 
obliged to adopt in his Index Ornithologicus. In the present 
