442 
FEMALE WHITE- WINGED CROSSBILL. 
breast ; the flanks become of a dingy yellowish grey, and have 
large, dull, blackish blotches ; the belly and vent are of a 
much purer whitish, and the streaks are on that part long, nar- 
row, and well defined ; the under tail-coverts are blackish, with 
broad white margins ; the wings are three inches and a half 
long, reaching, when closed, to the last of the tail-coverts; the 
first three primaries are subequal and longest, the fourth being 
but little shorter, and much longer than the succeeding ; the 
general colour of the wing is black, the smaller coverts each 
margined with olive ; the middle and longer coverts broadly 
tipped with white, forming a double band across the wings, so 
conspicuous as to afford the most obvious distinguishing cha- 
racter of the species ; all the quills are slightly edged with 
paler, the tertials being also tipped with white ; the under 
wing-coverts are of a dark silvery, as well as the whole inferior 
surface of the wing ; the tail measures two and a half inches, 
being as usual composed of twelve feathers ; it is black, and 
deeply emarginate, the feathers acute, and slightly edged 
with paler ; the feet are short, rather robust, and blackish ; 
the tarsus five-eighths of an inch in length, somewhat sharp 
behind, with its covering entire before ; the toes are divided 
to the base, very short, the middle one considerably the longest, 
but much less than half an inch long, the lateral one subequal 
(all these being remarkable characters of the genus) ; the hind 
toe long, and stoutest ; the nails strong, much curved, and 
sharp, the hind one the longest, and twice as large as the 
lateral. 
The male described by Latham, Wilson, and Vieillot, as in 
full plumage, but which, with Temminck, we have good rea- 
sons for believing to be between one and two years old, differs 
from the female in being a trifle larger, and of a crimson red 
where she is olive grey : the base of the plumage is also con- 
siderably darker, approaching to black on the head, which 
colour predominates in several parts of the plumage, round 
the eye, on the front, in a broad line curving and widening 
from the eye each side of the neck, and appearing distinctly 
