80 
cambiums eventually met. A mark on the accompanying photograph taken to-day indicates the probable 
place of union. For a depth of some 5 or 6 feet the root can be traced (or stem possibly). It is about 
14 to 18 inches in diameter at 5 feet below the thickening. 
We cut a hole in the butt of the Gum at 4 feet from the ground ; it was only a shell of 1 inch to 
2 inches in thickness, the bark having dropped away long since. The centre of the tree was full of tinder 
and soil, and one root was seen penetrating downwards : its diameter about 2 inches. A few small roots 
are enclosed which came from the same opening, 15 feet or thereabouts from the thickening above. 
It seems clear that the tree (Apple) is an epiphyte upon the Gum. It started as a seedling in a 
broken branch, and as it grew the pressure and slight movement brought the cambiums together at the 
point of junction, beneath the thickening, with probably an actual union there, though but a slight one. 
A somewhat similar case to that of Mr. Musson's is perhaps afforded by trees 
of Eucalyptus longifoUa Link and Otto, the Woullybutt, and Angophora intermedia 
DC., the rough-barked apple, which have grown together near their roots in the 
park at Moruya. I am indebted to Mr. H. G. Smith for a photograph of the same. 
The Hon. Dr. Nash, M.L.C., informed me of the case of a natural graft 
between a White Gum and an Ironbark at Wallsend, near Newcastle ; and it is 
hoped that further instances may be carefully observed and the fullest details 
recorded. 
The late Mr. Albert Norton drew attention* to a tree-stump of the Moreton 
Bay Ash (Eucalyptus tesselarls F.v.M.), near Gladstone, Queensland, which for 
many years was an erect stump of 9 feet high, and had produced no leaves since the 
top of the tree had been blown off many years previously. The bark had callused 
over the greater portion of the top edges. *' With the exception of a small patch 
on the side, the bark is as full of sap as that of an ordinary living tree ; but it is 
simply a stump without any appearance of having at any time had a branch 
growing from it." 
In the discussion which took place " Mr. A. J. Turner endeavoured to 
account for this unusual occurrence by the supposition that the roots of the tree- 
stump inosculated with those of saplings or other trees which might be growing 
even at a distance of many feet, and the foliage of which might affect the 
elaboration of the sap and the assimilation of the food substance on which the 
vitality depended." 
Dr. J. Bancroft quoted the case where a Spotted Gum tree (Eucalyptus 
maculata Hook, f.) maintained life after its natural attachment to the ground had 
been severed by coalescing with the branches of two neighbouring trees into which 
it had fallen. 
This phenomenon is not uncommon in the case of the Spotted Gum ; indeed, 
it is not rare with smooth -barked trees (Gums). It is especially common in the 
smooth-barked Apple (Angophora lanccolata Cav. See Part XI). It is analogous 
to the process of inarching. 
* /Voc. Hoy. fioc. Qld., iii, 39 (1S86). 
