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3. Plants recommended for Upper, Middle, and Lower Hunter. 
A. List of trees recommended for the banks of the Upper Hunter : 
\. Casuarina Cunninghamiana, Miq. The " River Oak," which has been referred to in the body of 
this paper. It may form a very large tree. 
2. Jngophora intermedia, DC., and A. sulvelutina, F.v.M. These are rough-barked " Apple-trees." 
They attain a large size on the flats liable to inundation. Natives of Eastern Australia. 
3. Podocarpus data, R.Br. The " She, Brown or Berry Pine/' which flourishes best on the banks of 
some of our rivers. 
4. Melia Azedarach, Linn. The " White Cedar." One of our few deciduous trees. It is also a 
native of Asia. It grows readily from seed, which it produces abundantly. While this grows 
readily on river banks and among debris, it will flourish on the drier mountain sides, where it 
may be necessary to develop a rapid forest growth. 
5. Tristania conferta, R.Br. The "Brush or Bastard Box," which requires a good depth of moist 
soil for its full development. It is, perhaps, better known under its nursery name of 
"Liphostemon." 
The following are exotic trees : 
6. Acer negundo, Linn. The " Box Elder " of the United States, a deciduous maple, which affords 
an excellent summer shade. 
7. Ailanthus glandulosa, Linn. A native of Asia, which has several merits. Goats and other 
animals do not enjoy browsing upon it. Not only will it grow on the banks of rivers, and bind 
them with its suckering roots, but it is one of the few that will flourish in the almost pure sand 
of the coast and of the Hunter River estuary. 
8. Plantanus orientalis, Linn. The " Oriental Plane," native of Europe and Asia. A noble tree, 
which can be propagated by cuttings or seeds. 
9. Populus angulata, Ait. The " Water Poplar " of the Eastern United States, so called because of 
the damp situations in which it flourishes. Also many other species of Poplar. 
10. Kobinia pseud-acacia, Linn. A native of the United States, and commonly known as " Acacia." 
It is remarkably tolerant to heat and cold, lack of moisture and plenty of it, and to poverty of 
soiL It will bind shifting sand. 
11. Salix babylonica, Linn. The common or " Weeping Willow," which is perhaps the best of all trees 
for consolidating river banks. Its roots form a net-work which bind soil ; it will grow by the 
very brink of a stream, and its pendulous branches that are broken down by the floods and 
winds take root lower down the stream.* 
12. Taxodium distichum, Rich. The "Virginian or Swamp Cypress," which in its native country 
flourishes in sour, undrained swamps. It is less tolerant in cultivation, but it flourishes on the 
banks of waters where its roots can have full play. 
13. Ulmus campestris, Linn. The common " Elm," which is well worthy of introduction in the Upper 
Hunter Valley as a soil-binder. 
B. List of small shrubs or scrub recommended for the banks of the Middle 
Hunter : 
1. Buddleia madagascariensis, Lam. A well-known plant which forms a rapid -growing, tall, shrubby 
mass. It is readily propagated by cuttings. 
2. Commersonia Fraseri, J. Gay. A tall native shrub, which naturally grows on the banks of water- 
courses. 
3. Cudrania javanengis, Tre'cul. The " Cockspur Thorn," also a native shrub, which forms an 
impenetrable mass of dense growth, well calculated to bind soil and prevent further destruction. 
Propagated by cuttings. 
For years the Gunnedah (N.S. W.) Common Trustees have cultivated willows and lopped them for the stock every 
summer. Cattle especially thrive well on this food, eating every part except the big limbs. Besides being useful for stock, 
"and-ornimental if planted on steep binks, willows keep th0 .driftwood back at flood-time, and, by catching drift-stuff, 
gradually fill up and bind the banks. (" Corvus," in Sydney Bulletin, November, 1002.) 
