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the trees planted for revenue purposes. As regards the latter extract, it must be 
remembered that New South Wales is very much more richly endowed as regards tree 
wealth than is Cape Colony ; and therefore what would pay in the latter colony would 
not be remunerative in the former. 
The method of working in practice on the Port Elizabeth sands is to sow broadcast about 35 Ib. 
per acre- a mixture of seeds, composed principally of Acacia cyclopis and Acacia leiophylla (saligna), with 
an addition of Acacia pycna>Uha, Pinus hakpensis, rye, pypgrass (Ehrharta gigantea), &c., and then to spread 
immediately a layer of refuse. Sunflower and lucerne seeds have also been used with very satisfactory 
results. Tomatoes and pumpkins grow freely, being self-sown with the refuse; and from areas spread 
with stable-sweepings a large crop of oat hay is reaped annually. In 1895 some 4,000 bundles were harvested 
from the reclaimed sands, and about 8,000 bundles in 1896 and 1898, at a cost of a little over Id. a bundle. 
The market price would have been at least 6d. a bundle. 
Plants and Trees used far Reclamation. Numerous varieties of trees have been experimented with, 
but, so far, the Acacia saligna and A. cyclopis have proved the most useful revenue-producing plants. The 
bark of the former is a marketable commodity, containing a good percentage of tannin, but the bark is said 
to Impart an unpleasant smell to the leather. The cyclopis bark is of no commercial value, but the timber 
of both trees is used for firewood, for which there is a large demand in all South African towns, for domestic 
use. Many other Acacias have been tried, some of them far richer in tannin than the saligna, but the results 
have been disappointing. Among these are the Acacia pycnantha, A. decurrens, and its variety A. mollissima. 
At Bondi and on our coast dunes generally, the sea is on the east, and the winds 
to protect our plantations against are strong westerlies, hence the plantings should take 
the reverse direction to those of western France. The soil of the Landes is nearly pure 
silica, while underneath in places is an impermeable substratum of ferruginous sandstone, 
locally known as " alios," usually from 9 to 15 inches thick, and at a depth of 
10 inches to 2 feet below the surface. We know this to our cost at the Centennial 
Park, Sydney, an area which gives one much experience of sand planting. Speaking 
generally, I do not doubt that the " soil " conditions are much the same on the coasts 
of France and New South Wales. 
In the vicinity of cities, e.g., Sydney and Newcastle, the soil may be more or less 
enriched, without much expense, over limited areas; this is, of course, a local circum- 
stance. If opportunities be watched, road-sweepings and soil can sometimes be obtained 
for little more than cartage. Even if grass alone be required, it will be found that it is 
advantageous to top-dress it with soil, while arrangements should be made to secure all 
the available manure in the vicinity, and top-dress with it. It is a matter of common 
observation that many people allow the manure of horses and cows to go to waste, 
and some of them would even cart it free for some little distance, particularly if the 
municipal by-law in regard to the storage of manure in confined areas be rigidly put in 
operation. A small area of ground could be set apart at the sand-drift for the storage 
and rotting of such manure, and it could be applied to the grass and plantation when 
convenient. 
But where soil is not available, ashes (couch grass runs rapidly on cinders and 
ashes), shale, and other debris may be useful at least for forming a covering of grass. 
Adjoining the sand-drift at Newcastle, the Australian Agricultural Company are the 
owners of a considerable block of land, which is used for colliery purposes. The 
