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(3) For entering the reserve prior to the date authorised. 
(4) For remaining in the reserve after the permit has expired. 
(5) For corralling (yarding) within 500 yards of a running stream or living spring. 
(6) For gross carelessness in leaving camp fires. 
(7) For failure to aid in extinguishing a fire occurring within the range occupied 
when possible to do so. 
(8) And for such other minor violations of the rules as may occur. 
(9) For failure to remove sheep promptly, upon order of forest officer, when 
damage is being done to the range. 
(10) For failure of herder to corral for count, upon order of forest officer or 
ranger, when number of sheep appears to be greater than the number covered 
by permit. 
I also agree to forfeit the permit for a violation of any of its terms, or of the terms 
hereof, or whenever an injury is being done the reserve by reason of the presence 
of the animals herein. 
Howitt* has also some observations on the effect of sheep on Australian forests. 
Under Eucalyptus piperita at page 38, Part XXXIII, I have shown some 
remarkable photographs, and have given some details in regard to the very destructive 
work of cows barking fibrous barked trees. 
Birds and Animals. At page 116, Part XXXVII, I have touched upon " Birds 
and Animals as aids to the Forester," but the good or prejudicial effect of animals (other 
than sheep and goats, cattle and horses), has been little dealt with, and affords much 
scope to the country observer. 
(b) Native Animals. Hares and Rabbits. This is dealt with at Schlich iv, 84, 
for the mischief they do is similar in kind in most countries in which they are a pest. 
Hares bite and gnaw bark, and rabbits behave similarly and also injure young forest 
growth by burrowing. The development of the rabbit in Australia has not its 
counterpart in any part of the world, and there is an extensive literature in regard to the 
depredations of this pest. 
* 
Opossums, &c> These animals, native bears, and others, damage the Eucalyptus 
forests, and this is quite natural, for gum leaves form part of their daily food. There is 
a reference in Peter Macpherson's paper (loo. cit.), also in Woolls.f 
So abundant is the Native Bear (sometimes' locally called Monkey), in some 
trees, e.g., Eucalyptus radiata, that I have known them to be called " Monkey Gum " 
on that account. 
* Trans. Soy. Soc. Viet, ii, 109. t P". A'<- viii, 78, 
