4 MacDougal. — Symbiotic Saprophytism. 
of Pines (39), to which Boudier attributed a parasitic rela- 
tion (1). Reissek determined the Fungus on Platanthera 
bifolia as Fusisporium endorhizum (34). Schacht found that 
the Fungus in the roots of Limodorum developed reproductive 
organs similar to Euro tium (35). Treub (38) and Bruchmann 
( 2 ) conclude that that in the prothallia of Lycopodium is a 
Pythium. Bruns found that Polysaccum formed coatings on 
the roots of Pines, and that the relation is not a parasitic 
one (3). Woronin found mycelia on the roots of Conifers, 
Salix , Populus , Corylus , Betida , and of Grasses, which were 
undoubtedly formed by Boleti (42) ; and Rees identified the 
Fungus on the Conifers as an Elaphomyces (31). Frank 
made some unsuccessful attempts to grow the Fungi sym- 
biotic with forest-trees, but failed (9). Janse had the same 
experience with the symbiont of Coffea (16); but determined 
the one associated with the roots of Celtis as Celtidia duplici- 
spora , to be included with the Tuberaceae. Recently Rees and 
Fisch have examined the mycelium formed by Elaphomyces 
granulatus and E. variegatus on forest- trees, and conclude 
that the relation is not a parasitic one, but must be a 
symbiosis (32). Noack made some attempts to form myco- 
rhiza by cultural methods in 1887-9 (27), and found that 
G easier fimbriatus P'r. and G.fornicatus Fr. form mycorhiza 
with the roots of Conifers ; Agaricus terreus Schaeff. with 
Beeches and Firs ; Lactarius piper atus with Fagus sylvatica 
and Quercus peduncidata ; Cortinarius callisteus Fr. and 
C. .coemdescens Schaeff. with Beeches; C. fulmineus with 
Oaks ; and he concluded that the Hymenomycetes and 
Gasteromycetes furnished the F'ungal symbionts of all the 
forest-trees examined at that time. Wahrlich determined 
the Fungus of the mycorhiza of Vanda tricolor as Nectria 
goroschankiana ; that of Vanda suavis as N. vanda ; and 
all Fungi symbiotic with the Orchids were supposed to be 
Pyrenomycetous (41). Lendner made a re-examination of the 
Fungi of Platanthera and Vanda in 1895 , and his observation 
of cultures made from spores confirmed Wahrlich’s results 
(22). Chodat and Lendner (5) found that the mycorhizal 
