258 Dar bishire. — On Actinococcus and Phyllophora. 
at their apex (Fig. 5). The spermatia pass out of the cavity 
through the ostioles, which measure about 6-10 \x across. 
It is not necessary to describe the carpophores of Phyll. 
Brodiaei, on which the female organs are borne (vid. 2, p. 32, 
Figs. 4 6, 47). I have not been able to ascertain definitely 
whether our Actinococcus can enter its host by means of the 
opening caused by the projecting trichogyne. Very probably 
it does, as I have seen Actinococcus - bearing shoots of 
Phyllophora , in the cortical layers of which could be seen 
what were apparently remains of undeveloped carpogones. 
Antheridia and procarpia, 
moreover, do not occur on 
the same plant. 
In the autumn it is pos- 
sible to observe the entrance 
of Actinococcus into Phyll. 
Brodiaei by the small os- 
tioles of the antheridial 
cavities. The spores (tetra- 
spores or carpospores) which 
ultimately give rise to the 
nemathecia of Actinococcus 
subcutaneus germinate on 
the surface of the host about 
this time. 
The immediate product 
of germination seems to be 
a small heap of perhaps 4-8 cells, one of which always comes 
to be near an ostiole leading to an antheridial cavity. The 
antheridial cavities are developed in large numbers and very 
close together (Fig. 4, II). A filament is then formed, which 
passes into the host-plant through the antheridial ostiole 
(Plate XV, Fig. 1). 
It is worth while perhaps to draw attention to a former 
figure which was intended to show the origin of the nema- 
thecium of Phyll . Brodiaei (2, Fig. 31). It shows the 
nemathecium arising from the lower cells of the cortex or 
Fig. 5. Phyllophora Brodiaei (Turn.) 
J. Ag. 1. 4-ceUed antheridium with a 
spermatium at its apex. 2. Single sperma- 
tium. 3. Antheridial cavity with ostiole at 
its apex, x 1,000 diam. 
