Dar bishire. — On Actinococcus and Phyllophora. 261 
bodies, the nemathecia of Actinococcus suhcutaneus (Fig. 6). 
They are all joined together in a common gelatinous sub- 
stance, in which they branch ; the branches finally radiating 
outwards in a direction from the centre of the whole parasitic 
tissue. 
At first as a rule these nemathecial bodies are formed only 
on one side of the flattened spermophore. Often, however, 
we see filaments arising from the intramatrical tissue of the 
parasite, which pass out on the opposite side of the spermo- 
phore (Fig. 6). When a second nemathecium is formed, it 
may be separate, if it is produced exactly opposite to the first : 
if it is produced close to the first nemathecium and next to it, 
the two frequently coalesce. 
Ultimately, owing to the almost pseudo-parenchymatic 
development of the intramatrical tissue of the parasite, it is no 
longer possible in older specimens to distinguish between the 
filaments of the parasite and the ordinary tissue of the cortex 
and medulla of the host. As already mentioned, the effect of 
adding iodine is to show up the cells of the parasite more 
clearly, As the latter has absorbed all the starch out of the 
cells with which it has come in contact. It is easy to make 
out the shape of the starch-grains of Phyllophora (2, p. 22, 
Fig. 26 n, 8-10), but impossible to detect any definite structure 
and shape in the case of the very minute elements composing 
the starchy mass found in the cells of Actinococcus subcutaneus. 
Those parts of the primitive thallus of the latter, which are 
presumably most actively growing, as, for example, the apices 
of the filaments of the shoot-portions, contain no starch or 
only very little indeed. The root-filaments are usually com- 
pletely filled with starch. 
The internal cells of the whole parasitic cushion vary much 
in size (2, Fig. 30). The smallest are barely 6 pi in diameter, 
the largest measure 60 by 30 pi. The latter do not always 
belong to the parasite, but often form part of the tissue of the 
host. They are more, or less round, the cells of the parasite 
being slightly elongated as a rule. The latter are connected 
with one another by fine cytoplasmic strands. The cells of 
