Centrifugal Force upon the Cell. 347 
plasts is less localized, being generally more uniform throughout 
the cell. 
In several instances rather striking phenomena presented 
themselves in uncorticated leaf-cells. In these, upon which 
the centrifugal force acted obliquely, almost the entire mass 
of chlorophyll was thrown into one corner of the cell, the 
remaining portion becoming thereby transparent. On the 
following morning, the specimens having been removed from 
the centrifuge at 6 p.m. of the day preceding, the mass of 
displaced contents remained in exactly the same position, 
apparently quite dead, while the colourless cytoplasm kept up 
a lively rotation. The living protoplasm of the cell had thus 
entirely separated itself from the displaced mass of chloroplasts 
and other granules. In the rotating protoplasm only a few 
chlorophyll-grains were present. 
Other and similar cells of the same leaf were plasmolyzed 
and dead, while still others remained almost unchanged, i. e. 
no displacement was perceptible in them. 
The cells of the whorl of undeveloped leaves closely envelop- 
ing the growing end of the shoot were virtually unchanged, no 
displacement having taken place except in the pointed distal 
cells which were killed. 
Generally much of the contents was displaced in cells of the 
cortex. Here the chloroplasts and other bodies showed a 
tendency to distribute themselves, and sometimes this was 
in a large measure effected. Many cells died, however, as a 
result of the centrifugal force. 
Displacement of the chlorophyll in the cortical cells often 
permitted to a large extent an unobstructed view of the 
interior of the large internodal cells of the leaves. In these 
cells, the chloroplasts and large colourless inclusions of the 
protoplasm were often thrown into the ends of the cells, filling 
them apparently for about one-fourth their entire length. In 
all such cases observed the displaced mass was dead on the 
following morning, and in many cells all other cell-contents 
as well. 
In a few instances the colourless mass of protoplasm became 
