Harper. — Cell- Division in Sporangia and Asci. 477 
In the case of Mortierella candelabrum Van Tieghem’s and 
Monnier’s views as to the appearance and disappearance of 
nuclei are opposed by Leger. Three to eight nuclei are 
present in the spores, and the conditions in this respect are 
the same as in other genera. 
For Syncephalis the author accepts Van Tieghem’s and 
Monnier’s view that the spores are formed inside sporangia 
whose walls are absorbed after spore-formation. The nuclei 
divide directly at the base of the sporangium. Each spore 
contains from four to five nuclei or rarely three to six. The 
spore rows are held together after solution of the sporangial- 
wall by intersporal protoplasm. 
In P iptocephalis the sporangium-rods divide into two spores 
by differentiation of intersporal plasm. The sporangial walls 
disappear as in Syncephalis. Leger distinguishes three types 
of spores in the Mucorineae : sporangiospores, chlamy do- 
spores and zygospores. In germination stages neither nucleolus 
nor nuclear membrane is present ; the nuclei are granular 
chromatin-like bodies. They divide once while still in the 
spore by indirect division. Rarely this division takes place in 
the germinating tube, but more than one indirect division is 
never observed. With the beginning of the independent 
nutrition of the mycelium the nuclei begin to divide directly. 
In all these cases Leger considers cleavage as the direct 
formation of the polyhedric sporogenous bodies which have 
the same number of nuclei as the ripe spores. 
Strasburger 1 gives a brief account of the spore-formation 
in Mucor. He considers that the cleavage occurs here as in 
Saprolegnia by means of cell-plates. The entire mass of 
protoplasm is used for forming spores, and there is no 
epiplasm. He considers that the ‘ Zwischensubstanz ’ of 
Brefeld and others is derived from the cell-plates. 
Dangeard 2 has studied the sporangium-formation in Syn- 
chitrium Taraxaci. He finds that the single primitive nucleus 
of the fungus-body divides by direct division to form the 
1 Zellbildung und Zelltheilung, 3rd Ed. 
2 Dangeard, Rech. hist, sur les Champignons, Le Botaniste, ii. ser. pp. 77-86. 
