544 WorsdelL — Observations on the Vascular 
distinct systems from the central cylinder of the axis. If the 
ligule-like outgrowth of Araucaria were merely a ligule or an 
emergence, we should expect to find the bundles which 
supply it, branching off from those of the underlying organ 
somewhere near the insertion of the ligule, which, as we have 
seen, is very far from being the case. 
In the Podocarpeae, again, it is supposed by many that we 
have to do with a single axial appendage bearing a sporan- 
gium on its upper surface. But, as I have clearly shown in 
Microcachrys , there are, as in Araucaria , two quite distinct 
systems of bundles in the appendage, with mutually inverted 
orientation of their parts, and which arise independently from 
the cylinder of the axis. Here then it appears also highly 
probable that we have to deal with two foliar organs, and not 
merely with a single one. 
It is the same in this respect with Sciadopitys, Cryptomeria , 
and Cupressus. The axial appendage bearing the sporangia 
most clearly contains two perfectly distinct systems of bundles 
which arise as such from the cylinder of the axis, and have 
mutually inverse orientation of their parts. The two organs 
in the Cupressineae are so intimately fused together, being 
separable only at their tips, and even then in an obscure sort 
of way, that there is as much temptation as in the case 
of the Araucarieae to regard them as constituting but a 
single organ. 
In the Taxodineae, to which we may regard Sciadopitys 
as also belonging, the compound nature of the appendage is 
more obvious than in the last-mentioned order, there being 
usually a distinct difference in size between the two organs 
composing it. 
The Abietineae exhibit by far the best illustration of the 
compound nature of the axial appendage of the female cone, 
for in this group the two foliar organs composing it are 
distinct and separable except at the very base, where they 
are adnate to one another. The bundle- systems which 
supply each arise, as in the preceding case, independently 
from the cylinder of the axis. The whole course and 
