40 Fraser,— Contributions to the Cytology of 
resemble the bodies observed during the divisions in the ascogenous hyphae; 
definite radiations could not be traced from them. 
A spindle is formed and the V-shaped chromosomes become aggregated 
on it. The metaphases (Fig. 42) and anaphases (Fig. 43) of this division 
are difficult to obtain, and no doubt take place with rapidity ; but the 
telophase was very frequently observed, and, in polar view, the number of 
chromosome ends radiating from the centrosome could be very readily 
determined. These ends were counted in some eleven cases, and were 
found to be always sixteen in number (Figs. 44, 45). During the anaphases 
and telophases the chromosomes are rather closely massed, but individuals 
were frequently traced throughout their length, and were always found 
to be curved, usually V-shaped structures (Fig. 43, 45). The sixteen ends 
counted in the telophase therefore represent eight bent chromosomes , their 
apices towards and their limbs radiating from the pole of the spindle. 
An appearance in the telophase such as that shown in Fig. 44 might 
be due to the presence of sixteen rod-shaped bodies produced either by 
the transverse fission, or by the longitudinal fission, straightening and 
considerable contraction of the sixteen chromosomes of the prophase. No 
evidence in support of such a conclusion has been obtained, and the presence 
of V-shaped chromosomes in the later stages of division is against it. 
Guillermond ( 25 ) has recently stated that sixteen chromosomes pass to 
each pole in the third mitosis ; but he neither figures the full number nor 
gives a detailed description of their appearance. 
According to the present observations the sixteen chromosomes do 
not undergo fission in the metaphase, but half their number pass bodily 
to each pole of the spindle. The chromosomes of the prophase may either 
have arisen (1) by the breaking up of the spireme directly into sixteen 
parts, in which case the sixteen chromosomes would be presumably 
of different value, and the two daughter-nuclei would differ ; or (2) by the 
breaking up of the spireme into eight parts, each of which, either before or after 
its separation from the others, undergoes longitudinal fission. The chromo- 
somes would then form eight pairs of duplicates and the two daughter-nuclei 
would be equivalent. Occasionally the spireme shows two portions of the 
thread running parallel for a little distance (Fig. 37), but there is no evidence 
that this is due to a longitudinal split rather than to a chance looping of the 
thread. It thus appears that, in the third mitosis, sixteen diverse chromo- 
somes are formed, and eight of these pass to each pole of the spindle. 
Spore Formation. Towards the end of the third mitosis the 
cytoplasm becomes rather densely massed at the poles of the spindles 
(Fig. 46) and shows an indication of faint lines radiating from the centro- 
some. The daughter-nuclei, as they separate, have the appearance of 
pushing actively into these masses, the cytoplasm seeming to flow back 
on each side of the nuclear beak (Fig. 47). 
