392 Petch . — The Genus Endocalyx , Berkeley and Broome . 
with rounded angles, at first yellow, then fuscous, and finally black. They 
measure 14-19 x 12-14 /x, and are flattened, about 6-7 /x thick. Immature 
spores have a large central gutta. They are borne alternately on the erect 
hyphae on short pedicels attached to the middle of one of the flat sides, like 
the peridiola of CyatJms (Fig. 11). The oldest spores are at the top: the 
sporiferous hyphae appear to grow continuously and produce new spores 
below. These hyphae are about 2 /x diameter, sometimes slightly roughened, 
and are free from one another: the exterior yellow hyphae are 2-3 jtx diameter, 
and are bound together by a yellow secretion. 
In this stage it appears to be Phaeodiscula gonospora , Penz. & Sacc., with 
its subspecies atrata , atraUda , and minutella. The differences between these 
subspecies depend on the size of the spores (which will be discussed later) 
and the varying appearance of the yellow ring surrounding the pustule : the 
latter feature depends almost entirely on weather conditions, the age of the 
specimen, and the nature of the host plant. M elan conium prof undum, Penz. 
& Sacc., is a closely allied species, if indeed it is not the same : and the same 
may be said of Melanconium Yaiay, Speg. Graphiola macrospora , Penz. & 
Sacc., described by these authors in ‘ Diagnoses Fungorum novorum in 
Insula Java collectorum ’, but omitted from the later ‘leones Fungorum 
Javanicorum \ appears to be identical with the present species. 
But the form described above is not the complete fructification : it is 
only the c fair-weather ’ form, which is found in fairly dry situations or when 
two or three days’ rain is succeeded by dry weather. It is, in fact, a case of 
arrested growth. In wet weather, growth does not cease when the pustule 
bursts, but the fructification lengthens out into a yellow cylindrical column 
up to 2 mm. high. In many cases there is then no ring at the base except 
the ruptured cuticle of the host (Fig. 9), but in others the outer layers of the 
yellow zone cease growth, while the inner layers grow on to the top of the 
column : the column then has a basal ring of yellow fragments (Fig. 8). 
This difference appears to depend partly on the breadth of the yellow zone. 
The outer yellow wall is slightly roughened and striate, extremely fragile, 
and at the most about 25 yu. thick. It consists of parallel hyphae cemented 
together, and is, in fact, a continuation of the ring of the ‘ fair weather ’ form. 
The interior of the column (Fig. 10) is simply a black mass of loose spores 
and fragments of conidiophores almost down to the base. The structure 
may be compared to a sack of coal. The fragile outer wall frequently 
splits longitudinally, as shown in the figure. The perfect form is exactly 
cylindric, but one often finds specimens constricted in the middle as though 
there had been a temporary cessation of growth. It is rather remarkable 
that one never finds immature spores in the free column : all the spores 
appear to be produced at the base and to be carried upwards by the growth 
of the sporophores, and, as the cylinders are always filled up to the brim 
with spores, the whole column must grow at the same rate. They break up 
