398 Petch . — The Genus Endo calyx, Berkeley and Broome. 
perithecium contradicts this view and indicates that it must stand either in 
the Melanconiales (where Berkeley and Broome placed E. melanoxan thus ) , 
or in the Hyphomycetes. 
In its general appearance and habitat, the commonest species, 
E. melanoxanthus , suggests a reference to Graphiola , but there is nothing 
in the structure to support this view. According to Ed. Fischer (Bot. Ztg., 
1883), Graphiola phoenicis, Poit., is composed of upright parallel hyphae : the 
outer are united into a thick black peridium, while the inner grow out 
as a yellow column, but this column is not enclosed by a sheath as in 
Endocalyx. ‘Fine Vermuthung, die bei nur makroskopischer Betrachtung 
leicht aufkommen kann, ist die, dass das aus dem Fruchtkorper hervor- 
ragende saulenformige Gebilde, da es eine einheitliche Oberflache zeigt, von 
einer Membran umschlossen sein miisse. Jedoch habe ich bei genauerer 
Untersuchung hier niemals eine Htille oder dergleichen wahrnehmen 
konnen, immer waren nur Sporen und Hyphenbiindel da ’ (Fischer, loc. cit., 
p. 763). Moreover, there are no sterile hyphal bundles among the conidio- 
phores of Endocalyx , and the arrangement of the spores differs completely 
from that of Graphiola phoenicis. In all essential details, Endocalyx bears 
not the slightest resemblance to Graphiola. 
It seems, however, probable that some of the species which Fischer 
accepted as Graphiola , e. g. Graphiola congesta , Berk. & Rav., Graphiola (?) 
disticha (Ehrenb.) Lev., Graphiola (?) compressa , Fischer, might be more 
closely allied to Endocalyx. In all cases the specimens were scanty or im- 
perfect. G. congesta differs from the type in having a strongly developed 
yellow inner peridium , and apparently no sterile hyphal bundles , but Fischer 
decided that the arrangement of the spores agreed with it as far as the 
material allowed him to judge. The type specimens of G. disticha resem- 
bled Graphiola externally, but the peridia contained ‘ eine Menge anein- 
andergelegter dreiseitig prismatischer Saulen, bestehend aus ganz niedrigen 
Gliedern, die leicht auseinander gehen ’. This is so contrary to Leveille’s 
description that Fischer suggests that another fungus had developed in the 
perithecium. Evidently he had not then had the enlightening experience 
of comparing fresh specimens of tropical fungi with their so-called descrip- 
tions. Fischer bestows the name Graphiola compressa on a specimen which 
he admits is quite undeterminable : it is to be regretted that such specimens 
are not discarded. Under the circumstances, the question of the identity of 
these c Graphiolas 5 with any other genus must remain undecided, but 
G. macrospora , Penz. & Sacc., appears from the description to belong 
to Endocalyx. The describers of the last-named write ‘ Exemplaria non 
perfecta, hinc stirps adhuc dubia et ulterius inquirenda’: and it differs 
from Graphiola in its dark spores. 
Except for the peculiar yellow sheath, there seems nothing to prevent 
the inclusion of Endocalyx among the Hyphomycetes. In this group, 
