6o8 
Willis and Bur kill. — Flowers and 
Class B, § 36 . Polygonum viviparum Type. 
159. Polygonum viviparum, Linn. [Lit. Arct. 7 , 34, 36, 38 ; Alps 2, 
9, 16, 21 a, 21 b.] Reproduction is very largely by bulbils. 
Visitors. Lepidoptera. Heterocera : Noctuidae : (1) Eupithecia nanata Hb., ? sh. 
27. VI. 95, 800 ft. Crambidae : (2) Pyrausta alpinalis Schiff., 4. VII. 95, 2,700 ft. 
Tortricidae\ (3) Tortrix sp., sh. 5. VII. 95, 800 ft. (4) Geleehia sp., sh. 24. VI. 95, 
800 ft. Hymenoptera. Sessiliventres. Tenthredinidae : (5) Allantus arcuatus 
Forst., 1. VII. 95, 800 ft. Diptera. Syrphidae : (6) Platychirus manicatus Mg., 
4. VII. 95, 900 ft. (7) Syrphus tricinclus Fin., sh. 27. VI. 95, 800 ft. (8) Eristalis 
rupium F., sh. 27. VI. 95, 800 ft. (9) Syritta pipiens L., sh. 17. VI. 95, 800 ft. 
Empidae\ (10) Empis tessellata F., 4. VII. 94, 800 ft. Bibionidae : (11) Dilophus 
albipennis Mg., 10. VII. 96, 2,000 ft. Mnscidae\ (12) Pollenia rudis F., 4. VII. 94, 
800 ft. Anthomyiidae : (13) Hyetodesia incana W., sh. 27. VI.-4. VII. 95, 8-1,800 ft. 
(14) H. lucorum Fin., 29. VI. 95, 800 ft. (15) H. basalis Ztt., 29, VI. 95, 800 ft. 
(16) Spilogaster nigrivenis Ztt., fp. 2. VII. 96, 2,300 ft. (17) Drymia hamata Fin., 
sh. 4. VII. 95, 1,800 ft. (18) Hylemyia nigrescens Rnd., 24. VII. 95, 800 ft. 
(19) Homalomyia incisurata Ztt., 4. VII. 94, 800 ft. (20 and 21) Anthomyia spp., 
sh. 22. VI. 95, 1,700 ft. ; 6. VII. 96, 2,000 ft. Cordyluridae'. (22) Scatophaga sp., 
sh. 4. VII. 95, 1,800 ft. Sapromyzidae : (23) Lauxania cylindricornis F., 4. VII. 94, 
800 ft. Hemiptera. (24) Nabis flavimarginatus, D. & S., 1. VII. 95, 900 ft. 
Class B, § 37 . Intermediate Rosaceous Type. 
160 . Prunus Padus, Linn. [Lit. N.C.E. 1, 3 b, 33 ; Alps 34.] 
Visitors. Hymenoptera. Aculeata: Apidae'. (1) Apis mellifica L., sh. 21-22. 
V. 97, 6-800 ft. Diptera. Syrphidae'. (2) Syrphus punctulatus Verrall, sh. 21-22. 
V. 97, 6-800 ft. Anthomyiidae'. (3) Anthomyia sulciventris Ztt., 21-22. V. 97, 
6-800 ft. Coleoptera. (4) Meligethes ? viridescens F., 21. V. 97, 800 ft. 
161 . Rubus Chamaemorus, Linn. [Lit. Brit. 23 ; N.C.E. 21 a, 21 b; 
Arct. 36, 38 ; Alps 34.] About 20 per cent, of the flowers get fully ferti- 
lized and set large fruits, the rest get fertilized in various degrees of com- 
pleteness : frequently only one carpel may form a drupelet. Flies, which 
visit it, go by preference to the male flowers. 
Visitors. Hymenoptera. Petiolata parasitica : Ichneumonidae : (1) Hemiteles? 
16. VI. 95, 2,000 ft. Diptera. Syrphidae'. (2) Melanostoma dubium Ztt., 19. VI. 
95, 2,000 ft. (3) Syrphus vitripennis Mg., 13. VI. 99, 2,300 ft. Empidae\ (4) Empis 
lucida Ztt., sh. 16. VI. 95 ; 17. VI. 99, 9-2,800 ft. (5) E. vernalis Mg., 17. VI. 99, 
2,800 ft. (6 and 7) E. spp., sh. 1 1-17. VI. 99, 15-2,800 ft. Bibionidae : (8) Scatopse 
sp., 11. VI. 99, 1,500 ft. Anthomyiidae'. (9) Hyetodesia incana W, 19. VI. 95, 
2,000 ft. (10) Drymia hamata Fin., 19. VI. 95, 2,000 ft. (11) Hylemyia nigrescens 
Rnd., 11-12. VI. 99, 15-2,500 ft. (12) Trichophthicus sp., 16-19. VI. 95, 18-2,000 ft. 
(13) Anthomyia radicum L., 19. VI. 95; 16. VI. 99, 20-2,700 ft. (14) A. sulciventris 
Ztt., 11. VI. 99, 1,500 ft. (15) Azelia triquetra W., 13. VI. 99, 2,300 ft. Coleo- 
