620 
Willis and Burkill. — Flowers and 
Diptera. Empidae'. (2) Empis tessellata F., sh. 30. VI. 95. Coleoptera. (3) Meli- 
gethes viridescens F., ? sh. 5. VII. 95. All at 800 ft. 
197 . Capsella Bursa-pastoris, Moench. [Lit. Brit. 23, 29, A. Bateson 
151 ; N.C.E. 1, 3 b, 11, 14, 18, 25 , 31, 33, 34, 40; Alps 34; Pyren. 17.]. 
Flowers were found to have been — all of them — ? in the early part of 1897 
up to May 20 th, when some began to perfect stamens. 
Visitors. Diptera. Tachinidae : (1) Siphona geniculata Deg., sh. 18. IX. 95. 
Anthomyiidae'. (2) 1 sp. 21. VI. 96. Both at 800 ft. 
198 . Iberis amara, Linn. [Lit. Brit. 23; N.C.E. 1, 40; Alps 9; 
Pyren. 17.] In cultivation. 
Visitors. Lepidoptera. Rhopalocera : (1) Pieris napi L., sh. 11. VI. 99. 
Heterocera. Geometridae : (2) Fidonia atomaria L., sh. 11. VI. 99. Diptera. 
Syrphidae : (3) Syrphus vitripennis Mg., fp. and sh. 11-13. VI. 99.freq. (4) Eristalis 
arbustorum L., sh. n-12. VI. 99. (5) E. Ppertinax L., sh. 23. V. 97. Empidae: 
(6) Empis opaca F., 12. VI. 99, 800 ft. Tachinidae'. (7) Siphona geniculata Deg., 
11. VI. 99. Muscidae : (8) Lucilia sp. 13. VI. 99. Anthomyiidae : (9) Hylemyia 
nigrescens Rnd., 13. VI. 99. (10) Anthomyia radicum L., 11-12. VI. 99. (11) A. 
sulciventris Ztt., fp. 23. V. 97. Coleoptera. (12) Meligethes viridescens F., fp. 10. 
VI. 99. (13) Psylliodes napi Koch, fp. 10. VI. 99. All at 8co ft. 
Class AB, § 51. Trollius Type. 
199 . Trollius europaeus, Linn. [Lit.Z?/V/.23 \N»C.E. 1,11,21b, 34 \Arct. 
7, Feilden and Geldart in Trans. Norfolk and Norwich Nat. Soc. VI. p. 162 ; 
Alps 2, 9, 21 b.] Trollius is par excellence a shelter-flower. It closes in bad 
weather, and then there are generally many insects harbouring inside. Colonel 
Feilden used it in Russian Lapland as a means of collecting insects : ‘ when 
a sudden change took place, the globe-flower closed its petals into a tight 
ball but not before the flies, beetles, and many other kinds of insects had 
fled for refuge to its sheltering bowers ’. At Clova self-fertilization may be 
common ; setting of seed is invariable. 
Visitors . Hymenoptera. Petiolata parasitica. Proctoirypidae : (1) 1 sp., 15. 
VI. 99, 1,900 ft. Diptera. Syrphidae'. (2) Chilosia sparsa Lw., 22. V. 97, 500 ft. 
Anthomyiidae'. (3) Hyetodesia incana W., 20. VI. 93, 2,600 ft. (4) Drymia hamata 
Fin., 20. VI. 95, 2,100 ft. (5) Trichophthicus sp. 20. VI. 96, 2,300 ft. (6) Anthomyia 
sulciventris Ztt., 22. V. 97; 15. VI. 99, 500 and 1,900 ft. Coleoptera. (7) Meli- 
gethes aeneus F., 22. VII. 97; 15. VI. 99; 500 and 1,900 ft. (8) Anthophagus 
alpinus Payk., fp. 22. VI. 96, 2,400 ft. (9) Anthobium torquatum Marsh., 22. VI. 
97, I 5 - VI. 99, 500 and 1,900 ft. All these insects were taken from the interior of 
flowers, where by reason of the structure of the perianth it is rarely possible to 
ascertain what they may be doing. 
