694 Hill and de Fraine.~On the 
the xylem connexion between the root and the cotyledons was made at 
a time when, and in a region where, elongation had ceased, and possibly 
growth in thickness was taking place. This would account for a region 
devoid of spiral and annular elements.’ 
The root is diarch, with many fibres in the secondary phloem ; also an 
assise de soutien obtains. It is thus seen that, as regards the number and 
structure of the cotyledons and the anatomy of the root, there is a marked 
similarity to Cephalotaxns ; and, further, a study of the figures illustrating 
the above account leads to the opinion that the transition-phenomena of 
Torreya are also comparable to those of Cephalotaxns , although masked 
by the occurrence of secondary thickening. 
PODOCARPEAE. 
Podocarpus chinensis. The young seedling is illustrated in Figs. 4 
and 4 a, Plate XXXV. The chief feature to be noted is that the two 
cotyledons are intra-seminal, and carry the seed up above the level of 
the ground ; the resemblance to the corresponding stages in Cephalotaxns 
and Taxns is close, but, as only one seed out of a large number germinated, 
we have no observations to make regarding the phases later than the one 
figured. 
The general structure of the cotyledons, except with regard to the 
vascular strands, is like that of Taxns. Each seed-leaf of Podocarpns has 
two bundles endarch and collateral throughout the whole length of the 
leaf, and, relatively, widely separated one from the other. Histologically, 
the vascular bundles are quite normal ; there are no fibres as in Taxns and 
Cephalotaxns , and the cambuin is fairly active, judging from the crushed 
appearance of the outer phloem elements (Fig. 7, Plate XXXV). No centri- 
petal wood has been observed ; there are, however, a number of transfusion 
tracheides generally forming lateral expansions from the metaxylem. 
Transition. At the level of the cotyledonary node the pair of bundles 
of each seed-leaf become orientated in such a manner that their xylem- 
masses become directed obliquely towards one another (Diag. 2, Fig. 1). 
This orientation becomes more marked during the inward passage. As 
the central cylinder is reached, the bundles of each pair approach and 
become connected, one with the other, by a strand of cambiform cells, 
which are, in all probability, immature phloem elements (Diag. 2, 
Fig. 2), on the inner side of which a few tracheae may be seen. There 
is, however, no direct connexion between the corresponding xylem-maSses 
of each pair of seed-leaf-traces. This bridge of phloem speedily dis- 
appears, and at the same time the protoxylem elements of each pair of 
cotyledon-bundles commence to rotate towards each other and outwards, 
so as to occupy the exarch position. The traces derived from the seed- 
