218 
DRS. A. CARTE AND A. MACALISTER ON THE 
numbers are in the first digit four, in the second seven, in the third six, and in the 
fourth three ; the fifth digit, and the hooked-like carpal bone connected to it, mentioned 
by Eschricht as being present in the foetus of this species, could not be detected. 
Muscles. 
On removing the integument from the anterior and lateral part of the body, the fol- 
lowing muscles were exposed to view. 
Pectoralis major was a flat, triangular, or fan-shaped muscle covering the anterior 
surface of the wall of the thorax. It arose from the anterior border and inferior 
surface of the sternum, from the sternal cartilaginous extremities of the five anterior 
ribs, and from the dense fibrous aponeurosis which covered the muscles of the abdomen ; 
its line of origin extended backwards for about 3 feet posterior to the anterior or cervical 
border of the sternum, to within about a foot of the umbilicus. The anterior fibres passed 
directly outwards, the middle and posterior ran forwards and outwards, all converging 
to form a very broad flat tendon, which, crossing the anterior wall of the axilla, was 
inserted into the anterior portion of the head of the humerus ; some of the lower fibres, 
especially those arising from the abdominal aponeurosis, were connected with the inte- 
guments and fascia which covered and formed the outer boundary of the axilla ; the 
tendon of this muscle was separated from the front and inner part of the head of the 
humerus by a small synovial bursa, and its external margin covered the long respiratory 
nerve, which, accompanied by a large artery and vein, passed to the serratus muscle ; 
this nerve, a branch of the brachial plexus, with its accompanying long thoracic vessels, 
lay between the anterior border of the serratus magnus and the greater pectoral ; the 
artery and vein ran backwards on the side of the thorax and abdomen, the vein emptying 
itself into the subclavian by turning over the edge of the first rib. 
The lessor pectoral was absent, but beneath the pectoralis major a cellular lamina 
existed which separated this muscle from the following. 
The intercostales, twenty on each side, were arranged in two sets, external and inter- 
nal ; the former ran downwards and outwards, the latter in the opposite direction, or 
upwards and inwards. 
On removing the dense integument and thick cervical fascia from the front of the 
neck, the platysma myoides could be seen only in the median line. 
Sternomastoid. — This muscle arose by two fleshy heads, one about 2-| inches wide, 
from the middle line of the sternum, and from the cartilaginous extremities of the first 
two ribs. The second head, somewhat rounded in shape, took its origin from the 
external part of the first rib ; these two heads soon coalesced, and their united fibres 
ran upwards, and converging, formed a tendon which passed over the external pterygoid 
muscle, and was inserted into the mastoid process of the squamous bone. 
Omohyoid. — A large monogastric flat muscle lay beneath the last named, and arose 
tendinous from the upper surface of the coracoid process and from the anterior border 
of the scapula ; it passed forwards and inwards to be inserted into the lower surface of 
