220 
DES. A. CAETE AND A. MACALISTEE ON THE 
nerve, after passing through a large oval foramen in the pterygoid bone, ran directly 
outwards and divided into three branches. First, the anterior or motor division wound 
round the superficial surface of the fibrocartilage of the lower jaw, where it bifurcated, 
sending one branch to the depressor maxillae inferioris, and the second to the temporal 
and masseter muscles. Second, the posterior branch ; this ran backwards for about 1 
inch and divided into two, one of which pierced the mastohumeral muscle and joined 
some filaments of the cervical nerves ; the other branch supplied the muscles about the 
shoulder-joint. The third, or internal branch of the portio dura, passed upwards and 
inwards to supply the muscles of the neck, some filaments from it being distributed to 
the integuments situated around the fibrocartilaginous ear-pedicle. 
From the integument surrounding the external orifice of the ear there passed inwards 
a round dense fibrocartilaginous cord about ^ an inch in diameter and 4-| long ; this 
structure was surrounded by a fibrous investment, and was traceable winding round and 
behind the mastoid process to the tympanic cavity, to the wall of which its deep-seated 
extremity was firmly attached. 
Occupying the inferior or superficial part of the interspace between the rami of the 
lower jaw in the anterior part of the middle line was a condensed fibrous expansion, 
which extended forwards as far as the symphysis, and was bifurcated posteriorly at the 
middle point of the lower jaw, giving attachment to the following muscle. 
Mylohyoid or compressor of the inframaxillary pouch. — This muscle, broad, thin, and 
flat, arose from the inner edge of the inferior border of the lower maxilla as far back 
as its angle, and anteriorly from the aponeurosis just described ; the fibres passed inwards, 
converging and interlacing towards the mesial line, where they met, and were inserted 
in common with the corresponding portion of the muscle of the opposite side. 
In structure this muscle resembled a platysma myoides or panniculus camosus, or, 
more correctly speaking, was of a dartoid character, being composed of fine muscular 
fibres and areolar tissue permeated by numerous blood-vessels. Its use was by its con- 
traction to compress and thereby empty the submaxillary pouch. The inferior or pos- 
terior fibres of this muscle ran downwards as far as the lower part of the pouch, and 
some of them were traceable backwards in the median line, forming a kind of subcuta- 
neous muscular expansion on the anterior surface of the abdomen ; this, however, did 
not expand laterally in the cervical region, and hence that portion of the neck external 
to the inner margin of the sternomastoid muscle had no superficial muscular investment. 
Longus colli. — On the anterior surface of the spine, after removing the trachea, oeso- 
phagus, and inframaxillary pouch, there existed an enormous muscular mass correspond- 
ing to the longus colli, longus atlantis, and rectus capitis anticus muscles, and in part 
also to the scalenus posticus and medius and supracostalis muscles. This mass arose 
by three heads, the most internal from the anterior or, more correctly, inferior surfaces 
of the bodies of the five posterior cervical and two anterior dorsal vertebrae ; this portion 
represented the longus colli muscle. The middle portion arose from the outer part of 
the first rib by a short fleshy mass and by a longer and flatter portion, which, descending 
