222 
DRS. A. CARTE AND A. MACALISTEE ON THE 
tion as well as action, which latter was twofold, first to depress, and second to retract 
the inferior maxilla. 
On removing a strong temporal aponeurosis and a quantity of dense cellular tissue 
the Temporal was exposed ; this muscle arose fleshy from the entire of the temporal 
fossa, which latter was formed by the union of the squamous, frontal, parietal, basi- 
sphenoid and pterygoid bones, extending as far forwards as the posterior angle of the 
orbit, and backwards to the anterior edge of the glenoid cavity and interarticular fibro- 
cartilage ; the greater part of the fibres ran downwards and forwards, converging to be 
inserted by a very strong tendon into the prominent coronoid process of the inferior 
maxilla, which its tendinous insertion embraced ; this muscle was of great thickness, 
and composed of fine and firm muscular fibres. Posterior to the tendon of this muscle, 
and in front of the interarticular cartilage, was placed a large oval, probably glandular 
body, about 1| inch thick and 2 inches long. A large plexus of arteries and veins sur- 
rounded its outer and posterior part, but no duct was detected in connexion with this 
otherwise seemingly glandular body. Probably it was a rudimentary salivary gland, 
although the existence of an organ of this nature has been generally denied to cetaceans. 
The Pterygoid muscle was small and flat ; it arose fleshy from the external surface of 
the pterygoid plate, which formed the outer wall of the posterior nares ; the muscle ran 
downwards and backwards, and was inserted into the internal border of the lower jaw 
near its angle, sending some of its posterior fibres to be inserted into the interarticular 
fibrocartilage. This muscle was evidently the representative of the external pterygoid ; 
no muscle corresponding to the internal pterygoid was found. 
Superior and external to this muscle was placed a very remarkable plexus of arteries 
and veins which lay in a distinct cavity, bounded internally by the pterygoid muscle, and 
externally by the angle of the inferior maxilla and fibrocartilage ; the cavity was lined 
by an extremely delicate glistening membranous structure, similar in texture and appear- 
ance to the S'eroid lining membrane of the veins. The vascular plexus itself extended 
from the coronoid process of the lower jaw to a point midway between the angle of the 
latter bone and the upper border of the sternum. The venous ramifications that partly 
formed the plexus gradually united as they passed backwards, and ultimately formed 
one trunk, the jugular vein. The arterial portion of it was derived from the trunk of 
the internal carotid. The common carotid artery ascended on the anterior surface of 
the longus colli muscle, lying under the omohyoid and external to the great cornua of 
the os hyoides, and midway between the top of the sternum and the angle of the jaw ; 
it divided into four branches. 
First, the external maxillary or facial, which passed upwards to the angle of the lower 
jaw, lying external to the vascular plexus just described, and ramified on the surface of 
the pterygoid muscle and maxilla. Secondly, the occipital, which ran parallel with the 
longus colli muscle, crossing superficial to the pneumogastric nerves, and terminated on 
the posterior portion of the occipital bone among the deep muscles in this situation. 
The third branch or internal maxillary was the largest ; it passed forwards and outwards, 
