224 
DES. A. CAETE AND A. MACALISTEE ON THE 
bones, from whence its fibres passed forwards and outwards, expanding, arranged in a 
penniform manner, and were inserted into the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth ribs, 
external to their cartilaginous or inner extremities, by a flat tendinous expansion. This 
muscle covered, and was connected to, the rudimentary pelvic bones; over it were 
expanded the tendons of the external oblique and internal oblique, and behind it lay 
the transversalis muscle. 
On removing the integument and fascia from the back of the animal, the following 
muscles were disclosed. 
Latissimus dorsi. — A flat thin muscle, which arose by a broad aponeurotic expansion 
from the spines of all the dorsal and a few of the anterior lumbar vertebrae, behind the 
attachment of the rhomboid muscle ; the fibres passed downwards and outwards, and 
were inserted into the internal edge of the inferior surface of the humerus. 
Rhomboideus. — This muscle was thin and weak ; it took its origin from the spinous 
processes of all the dorsal and one or two of the anterior lumbar vertebrae by a thin 
aponeurosis, which was partly united to the origin of the latissimus dorsi ; the fibres 
passed forwards and outwards to be inserted into the inferior angle of the scapula ante- 
rior to the following muscle ; there was no sign of segmentation into major or minor 
portions. 
Serratus magnus vel depressor anguli scapulae. — This muscle arose from the aponeu- 
rosis investing the abdomen and the eight inferior ribs ; the fibres ran upwards and 
forwards almost parallel to the ribs, and were inserted into the inferior edge of the 
scapula 4 inches above its inferior angle, where it united with the posterior edge of the 
origin of the teres ; another flat slip of the serratus muscle arose from the second rib 
and lay above the inferior and posterior part of the muscle. The long respiratory nerve 
of Bell supplied its inferior portion. 
Levator anguli scapulae. — A small pyramidal muscle ; arose from the transverse process 
of the last cervical vertebra, from whence it passed directly outwards, and was inserted 
into the posterior superior or cervical angle of the scapula. 
Trachelomastoid was a short thick fleshy muscle ; it arose by two heads, one from the 
transverse process of the first dorsal vertebra, and the second from the sides of the bodies 
of the three or four posterior cervical ; the fibres passed upwards and outwards to be 
inserted into the posterior surface of the mastoid process of the squamous bone behind 
the articulation of the lower jaw. The two heads of this muscle were separated by an 
offshoot of the great vascular plexus, as before described. 
Longissimus dorsi. — A large and somewhat pyramidal-shaped muscle ; arose by a broad 
flat tendon from the neural arches of the caudal vertebrae as far back as the extremity of 
the tail ; the fibres passed forwards, being connected to its fellow of the opposite side 
by means of a strong tendon which passed up to within 3 feet of the posterior part of 
the skull, at which point they diverged and were inserted into the osseous crest on the 
external edge of the occipital bone as far forwards and outwards as the level of the 
temporomaxillary articulation. 
