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DBS. A. CAETE AND A. MACALISTEE ON THE 
there was but one, the extensor digitorum communis, which was a mere slender fasci- 
culus of muscular fibres having its origin from the interosseous space and from the fibro- 
cartilaginous capsule surrounding the heads of the radius and ulna, a few fibres being 
traceable downwards from the interosseous space between the bones of the fore arm ; it 
soon formed a flat tendon which, opposite to the first row of carpal bones, divided into 
four tendinous slips that were inserted into the terminal phalanges of each digit, sending 
a slight expansion into the sides of each of the proximal phalanges. 
On the anterior aspect of the fore arm the following flexor muscles were found, which 
though small were much better developed than the extensors. 
Flexor carpi radialis. — This muscle arose fleshy from the anterior surface of the 
humeral extremity of the radius ; it soon formed a round tendon, which running down- 
wards, was inserted into the base of the metacarpal bone of the first digit. To its inner 
side lay 
The Flexor digitorum communis, which arose by short tendinous fibres from the in- 
ternal surface of the cartilaginous olecranon process, and by a few fibres from the 
inner edge of the humerus ; its fibres, after a short course, terminated in a round tendon, 
which passed downwards to the level of the first row of the carpal ossicles, where it 
divided into four tendons, one of which was inserted into the distal phalanx of each 
digit, and in its course sent a slip to each of the intermediate phalanges. 
Palmaris longus, an extremely delicate muscle, arose from the cartilaginous olecranon, 
from whence, soon becoming tendinous, it passed downwards and was inserted into the me- 
tacarpal bone of the fourth digit and into a rudimental palmar fascia, which was expanded 
over the carpal bones and cartilages, and covered the tendons of the flexor muscles. 
Flexor carpi ulnaris was the most internal and the strongest of these muscles ; it arose 
from the internal surface of the olecranon, and soon became tendinous ; it ran downwards 
to be inserted into the inner side of the metacarpal bone of the fourth digit, posterior to 
the last-described muscle. 
The scapulo-humeral articulation was surrounded by a distinct capsular ligament, lined 
by a thin distinct synovial membrane, and was perforated internally by the tendon of 
the subscapularis muscle, which lay in contact with the synovial capsule ; in this it dif- 
fered from the shoulder-joint of Globiocephalus Svineval , in which latter animal the 
tendon of the subscapularis did not pierce this capsule. In general the capsular liga- 
ment was thin, except interiorly, where it was strengthened by several fibrous bands, 
forming the inferior scapulo-humeral accessory ligament. These fibrous bands are not 
present on the capsule of this joint in Globiocephalus Svineval. 
The glenoid cavity of the scapula was deepened by a well-marked cotyloid ligament, 
and a distinct synovial membrane lined the interior of this articulation. 
The ligament of the notch of the scapula was a strong fibrous band flattened at its 
attachments and rounded in the centre ; it passed from the coracoid process to the supe- 
rior border of the scapula, and the suprascapular nerve and artery passed under it. 
The articulations existing between the radius, ulna, and humerus, as well as those 
