232 
DES. A. CAETE AND A. MACALISTEE ON THE 
either in its vertical or transverse direction ; but from the fixity of the apex this portion 
would scarcely admit of any retraction, consequently any shortening in the antero-pos- 
terior direction could only be accomplished by the drawing forwards of the hyoid bone 
by the action of the stylohyoid, basiokeratic, and the other advancers of this bone. 
The nerves supplying the tongue were : — First, the lingual or motor nerve, which was 
distributed to the muscles, and lay internal to the lingual artery upon the lingualis 
muscle and beneath the hyoglossus. 
Second, the gustatory or sentient nerve, a branch of the fifth pair, lay on the outside 
of the genioglossus muscle, and sent branches upwards to be distributed to the papillae 
on its mucous membrane. 
Third, a small twig of the glossopharyngeal nerve from the eighth pair was distributed 
to the mucous membrane of the back of the organ. 
The lingual artery, a considerable branch of the external carotid at the base of the 
tongue, gave off numerous branches which ramified among the muscles ; its continued 
or ranine trunk ran along the outer border of the hyoglossus muscle as far forwards as 
the tip of the tongue. 
The veins of the tongue lay nearer to the median line than the arteries, and formed 
a plexus in the raphe near its base which terminated in the great jugular vein. 
At the inferior portion of the middle third of the tongue there existed a large closed 
cellular pouch, lined by a dense smooth layer of areolar tissue ; this cavity was inter- 
posed between the genioglossi muscles, and was about 8 inches long by 3 inches wide ; 
it extended forwards beneath the organ to within 4 inches of its tip, and was of sufficient 
capacity to contain the extended hand. Whether this cavity were a normal arrange- 
ment of parts, or merely a want of lateral coalescence depending upon the immaturity 
of the individual, it is difficult to decide ; the latter theory seems to be the more pro- 
bable, as there was no apparent function which such a cavity could fulfil. 
Pharynx. 
The pharynx was separated from the cavity of the mouth by the palatoglossus muscle 
already described. 
From the anterior edge of this sphincter, the mucous folds which formed the great 
submaxillary pouch commenced and passed forwards on each side of the tongue, as 
before mentioned ; the mucous membrane lining this sphincter was completely devoid 
of rugae, but was thickly studded with numerous secreting crypts opening by pores on 
its surface, from which, by pressure, was expelled a quantity of viscid mucus. The 
velum had a firm feel and was destitute of a uvula ; this probably is a normal arrange- 
ment in Cetacea, as there was no trace in Globiocephalus Svineval. 
On the anterior portion of the pharyngeal cavity, behind the palatoglossus muscle, 
th,e surface of the mucous membrane was marked with slight crescentic folds, concave 
backwards; these folds bounded anteriorly and laterally a semicircular space that 
extended backwards as far as a curved fold of the mucous membrane, hereafter to be 
