260 
DES. A. CAETE AND A. MACALISTEE ON THE 
Fig. 2. Vertical section through the second vertebra or axis, showing the morphological 
relations of its different parts. 
A. Anterior border of centrum. 
B. Spinal canal. 
C. Neurapophysis cut through. 
D. Apical epiphysary crust or 
summit of odontoid process. 
E. Central portion of the upper 
or second ossific part. 
F. Upper epiphysary crust above 
the primordial fissure, which 
typically separates the odon- 
toid segment from the cen- 
trum. 
G. Inferior epiphysary boundary 
of the primordial fissure. 
H. Cancellous tissue of centrum. 
I. Inferior epiphysary crust. 
There are four epiphysary crusts indicating the presence of two distinct vertebral 
bodies ; the letters D and F indicating the upper and lower surfaces of the first or atlas- 
vertebra ; G, I, the epiphysary laminae of the second or axis-vertebra. 
Fig. 3. Muscles situated on the front of the larynx. 
A. Styloid bones. 
B. Body of os hyoides. 
C. Thyroid cartilage. 
D. Laryngeal pouch. 
E. A fold of mucous membrane 
reflected. 
F. Kerato-pharyngeus. 
G. Deep basio-keratic. 
H. Superficial basio-keratic. 
I. Sterno-hyoid, cut across. 
J. Mylo-hyoid. 
K, K. Thyro-hyoid. 
L. Crico-thyroid. 
M. Inferior constrictor. 
O. Aryteno-epiglottideus. 
Fig. 4. Laryngeal pouch laid open to show the thickness of its muscular wall. 
Fig. 5. Front view of the tongue and pharynx. 
A. The tongue. 
B. Mucous folds extending along 
its border. 
C. Isthmus faucium, through 
which is passed a rod. 
D. Palato-glossus. 
E. Opening of glottis. 
F. Epiglottis. 
G. Arytenoid bodies. 
H. Alveolated surface of mucous 
membrane. 
I. Peculiar pre-epiglottic hood- 
like fold of mucous mem- 
brane. 
J. Posterior great cornua of os 
hyoides. 
K. Trachea. 
L. (Esophagus. 
Fig. 6. Lateral view of tongue and pharynx. References similar to fig. 5. 
Fig. 7. Glottis closed, as during the act of deglutition. The letters A, B, C, D, E, F, 
G, H, I, J, K, L refer to the same parts as in fig. 5. 
M. Frena of hood-like fold of mucous membrane. 
Fig. 8. Glottis with its lateral walls divaricated. The letters as before. 
