IN THE DIFFERENT RACES OF MAN. 
517 
the averages he obtained* * * § . In the encephala of 40 adult men the mean weight was 
1384 grms., of 22 adult women it was 1244 grms., and the mean of the two sexes, in 
these unequal numbers, was 1314 grms. In comparing these results of Professor 
Huschke with our Table, it is seen that our German skulls of men are much above, and 
those of our women below the average size. The mean of our entire series exceeds that 
of Huschke’s series by 100 grammes. The late Professor Rudolph Wagnee weighed 
the brains of 31 Germans, 18 of men and 13 of women. The results of these metric 
observations are that the mean weight of the 18 brains of men was 1392 grms., and of 
the 13 brains of women 1209 grms., which confirms the remarks already made with 
respect to our male skulls, and our females also. By combining the means of both 
sexes, and embracing the observations of Huschke, Wagnee, and those of our Table, we 
obtain a mean of 1314 grms. as the mean weight of the brain in Germans. In a series 
of investigations by Professor Heemann Welckee, he filled 30 normal adult skulls of 
German men and 30 of women with husked wheat corns, and then poured the grains 
into a graduated glass measure, so as to obtain the internal capacity of each in cubic- 
centimetres. By the deduction of 15 per cent., and the conversion of his means into 
their equivalents of brain, we obtain these results. The average weight of brain of the 
30 men was 45*17 oz., or 1280 grms., that of the 30 women 40*50 oz., or 1148 grms., 
and the mean of the two sexes 42*83 oz., or 1214 grms.f It will thus be seen that the 
brains of Welckee’s 60 skulls, both those of the men and those of the women, are 
smaller than the averages obtained from the three former sources. And the same will 
be made apparent if we refer to the observations of Dr. Weisbach, who, however, made 
them upon the German people of Austria, who cannot be regarded as a pure German 
race. The average of his 50 men is 47*36 oz., or 1342 grms. of brain, and that of 19 
women 40*94 oz., or 1160 grms., the mean of the two sexes being 44*15 oz., or 1251 
grms.J So that there is a considerable probability that the magnitude of the brain 
among Germans has been overestimated §. 
17. RussniaJc. 18. Poles . — We here enter upon the decidedly brachycephalic races 
of eastern and south-eastern Europe. In this series of skulls to the end of the Table, 
with the exception of the Wallachian Gipsies, it must be expressly noted that we have 
the skulls of men only, therefore we get the weights of male brains solely, the great 
reason why the figures are so high. In this division we shall be able to avail ourselves 
of the elaborate researches of Dr. A. Weisbach on the skull-forms of Austrian people. 
The method he employed was that of filling each skull well with groats, and thus 
* Schsedel, Him und Seele des Menschen und der Thiere, Jena, 1854, S. 113. 
f Untersuchungen iiber Wachsthum und Bau des menscliliclien Schadels, 1862, S. 35, 130. 
i Op. cit. S. 34, 56. 
§ 'Without supposing that brain-weight stands in direct relation to stature, authentic data concerning the 
latter deserve attention. Dr. A. Wetsbach gives the results of his observations on the stature of the Germans. 
The measurement of 30 men afforded an average of 1680 millims., or 5 ft. 6-2 in. ; of 11 women 1544 millims.. 
or 5 ft. 0-9 in. — Reise der Novara. Anthropologischer Theil. Korpermessungen. Tabelle VII. 1867. 
