IN THE DIFFERENT RACES OF MAN. 
523 
allowing a tare of 15 per cent, for membranes and fluids, it is found that a skull of 60-64 
cubic inches capacity would contain a brain weighing 31 •01 oz. Professor Marshall 
weighed this Bushwoman’s brain, and determined its weight in the recent state to have 
been 80 ‘75 oz., or only '26 oz., i. e. a quarter of an ounce less, which is a very close 
agreement, showing that in this case a deduction of 15^ per cent, might have been 
allowed, and that our rule is not excessive, and indeed affording an unexpected and 
critical proof of the general accuracy of the method*. That it is, upon the whole, the 
readiest and most reliable one for ordinary application in determining the true weight 
of the brain from the internal capacity of the skull, seems to be proved. 
The weight of the Bushwomen’s brain dissected by Messrs. Flower and Murie was 
found to be 38 oz., or 1077 grms.f. This is in close approximation to our deduction 
from the three Bushwoman’s skulls, which yield an average of 39-48 oz., or 1119 grms.^. 
The general mean of our African Races, as deduced from 113 skulls, 53 of men and 
60 of women, a tolerable equal proportion, is 43-89 oz., or 1244 grms. This is 3-23 oz., 
or 91 grms. less than our European general mean. 
Table IV. — American Races. 
1, 2, 3. Esquimaux . — We have here included the Esquimaux of the whole Arctic 
Circle, from Greenland westwards. They have a considerable general mean brain-weight, 
viz. 46-56 oz., or 1319 grms. 
4 to 15. Iroquois to Comanche . — A series of mostly individual skulls amounting in the 
whole to 18, 12 of men and 6 of women, which affords a general mean of 46-23 oz., or 
1310 grms. With these may be compared the 164 crania of the “ Barbarous Tribes” of 
Morton’s “ American Family.” When the mean cubic contents of these latter are 
reduced to our terms, with the observation of our rule, they produce a brain-weight of 
only 42-84 oz., or 1214 grms., which differs by something more than three ounces from 
our mean. 
14. Caribs . — These four skulls, two of each sex, produce a general mean of 42-32 oz., 
or 1199 grms. 
Of South American Tribes. 
15. Muizcas . — Twelve crania, 8 of men and 4 of women, produce a general mean of 
44-92 oz., or 1273 grms. This is not far from the average brain-weight of the Tribes 
until we reach the 
22. Araucanians . — These 6 skulls, 5 of which are those of men and one of the five a 
megalocephalus , produce a higher mean, viz. 48-02 oz., or 1361 grms. 
The general mean of the whole 83 skulls of American Races, of which 52 are those of 
* Perhaps in small brains the membranes will be proportionately heavier than in large ones. 
t The Journal of Anatomy and Physiology, May 1867, vol. i. p. 286. Account of the Dissection of a Bush- 
woman, by W. H. Floweii, F.R.S., and. J ames Mukie, M.D. 
+ Her stature was 4 feet inches, or 4 inches less than the Hottentot Venus. 
