LIVINGSTONE AND STANLEY ON LAKE TANGANIKA. 141 
thus extremely populous ; every terrace, small plateau, 
and bit of level ground is occupied. 
Zassi is easily known by a group of conical hills which 
rise near by, and are called Kirassa. Opposite to these, 
at the distance of about a mile from shore, we sounded, 
and obtained 35 fathoms, as on the previous day. 
Getting out a mile further, I let go the whole length of 
my line, 115 fathoms, and obtained no bottom. In 
drawing it up again the line parted, and I lost the lead, 
with three-fourths of the line. The Doctor stated, 
apropos of this, that he had sounded opposite the lofty 
Kabogo, south of Ujiji, and obtained the great depth of 
300 fathoms. He also lost his lead and 100 fathoms of 
his line, but he had nearly 900 fathoms left, and this 
was in the canoes. We hope to use this long sounding 
line in going across from the eastern to the western 
shore. 
On the fourth day we arrived at Nyabigma, a sandy 
island in Urundi. We had passed the boundary line 
between Ujiji and Urundi half an hour before arriving 
at Nyabigma. The Mshala River is considered by both 
nations to be the proper divisional line ; though there 
are parties of Warundi who have emigrated beyond 
the frontier into Ujiji : for instance, the Mutware and 
villagers of populous Kagunga, distant an hour north 
from Zassi. There are also several small parties of 
Wajiji, who have taken advantage of the fine lands in 
the deltas of the Kasokwe, Namusinga, and Luaba 
Rivers, the two first of which enter the Tanganika 
in this bay, near the head of which Nyabigma is 
situated. 
From Nyabigma, a pretty good view of the deep curve 
in the great mountain range which stretches from Cape 
Kazinga and terminates at Cape Kasofu, may be obtained 
— a distance of twenty or twenty-five miles. It is a most 
imposing scene, this great humpy, ridgy, and irregular 
line of mountains. Deep ravines and chasms afford 
outlets to the numerous streams and rivers which take 
their rise in the background ; the pale fleecy ether 
almost always shrouds its summit. From its base ex- 
