LIFE AND MANNERS IN UGANDA. 
303 
names according as they are estimated in the popular 
consideration. 
Before Suna’s death Mtesa was a Mlangira (prince) ; 
when he succeeded his father, being yet young, lie 
received the title of Mukavya or Mkavya (king) of 
Uganda, but after he had distinguished himself in the 
conquest of other kings, and won the imperial right, 
this title was changed for Kabaka or Kawaka (Emperor). 
For the Empire of Uganda, as already described, em- 
braces several countries besides Uganda proper. 
I was not aware of these several distinctions or grades 
until I had been a long time resident at the court. The 
title of JVIkama, again, such as that of Mkama Bumanika 
of Karagwe, Mkama Mankorongo of Usui, is synony- 
mous with viceroy or sub-king, though literally trans- 
lated it means “ lord.” Polite courtiers prone on the 
ground, abasing themselves in the dust before Mtesa, 
will often address him as “ Mkama ange ” (“ My own 
lord”). 
The children of Mtesa are all styled Ulangira (princes). 
Below this title there seems to be no other designa- 
tion of hereditary condition save Kopi (peasant). Wa- 
kungu and Watongoleh alike are peasants born, and 
therefore still peasants, though they may rank as chiefs 
and sub-chiefs, or governors and lieutenant-governors, 
or generals and colonels. Thus Mtesa at Nakaranga, 
when he was pleased to promise to reward him who first 
landed at Ingira Island with the place of Katekiro, 
•asked the assembled chiefs, “For what is Pokino really ? 
Is he not a peasant ? ” 
The moral character of the people is far below that 
of the Emperor. Indeed, if it were not for him, no 
stranger would dare to enter Uganda. They have no 
respect for human life or human rights. Among them- 
selves they recognize only might, and Mtesa might even 
be pardoned for exercising greater severity than he does, 
for this fierce people requires to be governed with the 
almost unexampled severity of might and power which 
Suna so cruelly employed. They are crafty, fraudful, 
deceiving, lying, thievish knaves, taken as a whole, and 
