UJIJI AND TANGANIKA. 
383 
The Mitwanzi is still daily traversed without trouble 
by men, women, and children. 
We travelled another three miles along the Mitwanzi, 
until we came to the southern end of the Ki-yanja 
ridge, for it is through the gap between this and the 
Kihunga ridge, which terminates on the south bank, 
that the Lukuga flows toward the west. Even here it 
was but a trivial stream, oozing and trickling through a 
cane-grass grove. 
The most interesting object here was the rounded end 
of the Ki-yanja ridge, sloping at an angle of 30°. As 
the highest point is probably between 600 and 1000 
feet, there has been some 
agency at work to wear down 
this gap through the ferrugi- 
nous conglomerate and soft 
sandstone — and some agency 
stronger than this trivial 
stream smothered in reeds, 
for it has no force or power. 
We got back to Lumba 
Creek, where we had left our 
boat and canoe, late at night. 
The next day was devoted to 
sounding the creek from the 
Mitwanzi to the outer bar. 
The next morning I took 
a trip to the top of the 
conical hill behind Mkampemba, a village of Kawe- 
Niangeh, to lay out and take bearings. 
I am of the opinion, after taking all things into 
consideration, that Kahangwa Cape was, at a remote 
period, connected with Ivungwe Cape on the east coast 
— that the Lukuga was the effluent of the lake as it 
stood then, that the lake was at that period at a much 
higher altitude than it is at present, that the northern 
half of the lake is of a later formation, and that, owing 
to the subsidence of that portion, and the collapsing of 
the barrier or the Kahangwa Cape and Kungwe Cape 
ridge, the waters south emptied into that of the deep 
UBTJJWE AND UGVIIA HEADDRESS. 
