PROFESSOR HEER ON THE FOSSIL FLORA OF NORTH GREENLAND. 467 
than the following principal nerves, which run in arches to the apex. The next fol- 
lowing approaches the margin at up the leaf, and follows it towards the apex, but 
without reaching it. Beyond this is a delicate curved nerve, disappearing where the 
leaf begins to taper. The areas are tilled up with nervules, forming a polygonal reti- 
culation with large areoles, which project strongest at the margin. In the cordate base, 
the seven principal nerves, and their direction, this leaf agrees with 8 . grandifolia , but 
is relatively somewhat longer. On the other hand it is so near 8 . Mauritanica , and 
particularly the diluvial form from Lipari, which Gaudin has represented (Contrib. a 
la Flore Fossile Italienne, v. pis. i. tigs. 5, 6 ; ii. tigs. 1, 2), that it is difficult to indi- 
cate differences, and its identification with the living 8. Mauritanica appears probable. 
Certainly the leaves of S. Mauritanica are either entire or very slightly emarginate at 
the base ; the principal nerves are more delicate, and the medial one not stronger than 
the others ; but some leaves from Lipari are deeply cordate at the base, as in 8. grandi- 
folia , whilst others are slightly cordate, as in 8. Mauritanica. The medial nerve of the 
Miocene S. grandifolia is sometimes much stronger than the lateral ones, and sometimes 
not (Ung. Syllog. fig. 7 with fig. 6), whereas the reticulation of the living species is 
more prominent than that of the Miocene one. 
IX. Typhaceas. 
21. Sparganium Stygium , Fir., Plate XLII. figs. 4 b : 5; 5 b, magn. FI. Foss. Arct. 
p. 97, pi. xlv. figs. 2, 13 d. 
I have described (FI. Arct.) the leaves and some indistinct fragments of fruits of this 
species. The collection of Mr. Whymper contains better preserved fruits, probably 
belonging to this species. On a slab from Atanekerdluk the heads of fruits are as 
closely placed as if they had been fixed on a common peduncle (fig. 5), which, however, 
is not preserved. The fruits are collected into a densely imbricated head ; those in the 
middle are 10 millims. long and broad. The base is tapered, and the upper part 
elongated into a pretty long beak (fig. 5 b , magn.). The inflorescence (fig. 4 b\ from 
Kudliset, probably belonging to this species, and which I take to be a male catkin, pre- 
sents a number of small scales round a receptaculum. It is very much like the Spar- 
ganium in my Flora Tert. Helvet. i. pi. xlvi. figs. 6 d, 7. The question whether the male 
catkin from Kudliset and the above described fruits from Atanekerdluk belong to 
S. Stygium cannot yet be decided. I referred them to it because the leaves from Atane- 
kerdluk had been so called (cf. Flora Arct. p. 97), and we are justified in combining 
the flowers and fruits with these leaves. 
X. Naiades. 
22. Caulinites costatus , Hr., Plate XLIII. fig. 10. Caulibus profunde striatis, verrucis 
magnis rotundatis notatis. Hab. Atanekerdluk. 
A portion of a stalk with deep striae, which separate pretty strong projecting ribs. 
