316 
ME. ST. GrEOEGE MIYAET ON THE SKELETON OE THE PEIMATES. 
magnum), as compared with that of the spine, appears to be greatest in Cheiromys, the 
Orang, and Hylobates, and least in Loris and Indris. 
Its length, as compared with that of the entire manus*, I have found to present no 
important differences, but it generally appears not to more than very slightly exceed 
one-fifth, and in the long-handed forms (Ateles, Hylobates, and the Chimpanzee) it is 
but little more than one-tenth. 
The breadth of the carpus almost always exceeds its length, being often, as in Man, 
half as broad again as long. In Hylobates, however, the length equals or slightly 
exceeds the breadth ; as also in Perodicticus and Arctocebus, while in many genera 
there is little difference between the two dimensions. 
The carpal bones, at their proximal end, always form a double arch, as in Man. 
The arch which has its convexity turned towards the fore-arm, is in general rather 
more acute than in himf or than in the Gorilla. This is especially the case in the 
Nycticebinse ; but in most of the other forms its outline is generally more or less 
interrupted by the projection of the pisiforme. 
The arch which has its concavity towards the palm, is sometimes not much marked, 
as, e. g., in Ateles; but generally it is more so than in Man, and in the Nycticebinm it 
becomes remarkably deep, and, finally, in Perodicticus is changed, by the introduction 
of a supernumerary ossicle into a complete ring of bone (Plate XIV. fig. 5). 
Rarely, i. e. only in Man, Troglodytes, and Simia, the carpus articulates directly w 7 ith 
the radius alone ; in all other forms it does so with the ulna as well as with the radius 
— to a very slight extent, however, in the Nycticebinse. 
tScaphoides . — This bone has always much the same shape throughout the Order. On 
its radial side is a tuberosity which sometimes, as in some of the lower Simiidse, the 
GorillaJ, Indris, and the Nycticebinse, is much enlarged. It is generally received into 
a concavity formed by the trapezium and a sesamoid. 
In Man, Troglodytes, and the Indrisinse the connexions of the scaphoid are as in 
Man ; but in all other forms an os intermedium separates it from the bones of the 
distal row, except the trapezium. In Man and Troglodytes there is a transverse dorsal 
groove. 
Intermedium . — This bone, which in most cases might from its shape be termed a 
* Sometimes, however, there appears to be considerable variation as to this proportion, as Lucae gives the 
proportions of the carpus to the manus at 100, as follows: — Inuus, 10-5; Macacus gelada, 20; Semnopithecus 
entellus, 12-03; S. comatus, 9-4 ! 
t Dr. Ltjcae in a note (loc. cit. p. 289) criticizes Professor Huxley’s remark “ The bones of the first row 
with the bones of the fore arm form the wrist-joint, and are arranged side by side, no one greatly exceed- 
ing or overlapping the rest ” (Man’s Place in Nature, p. 87), saying that such a condition of the parts would 
limit the motion of the wrist to flexion and extension. It is surely obvious that several conjoined bones, no 
one of which “ greatly exceeds or overlaps the rest,” may together produce a very considerable convexity. 
Professor Lucae writes as if Professor Huxley had asserted that the proximal surfaces of the proximal carpals 
were all in one plane, instead of stating the undoubted fact that the projection of any one is small. 
+ Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. v. plate 10, fig. 1, and pp. 9 & 10. 
