350 
MR. ST. GEORGE MIVART ON THE SKELETON OE THE PRIMATES. 
The posterior inferior articular surface is always concave. 
The anterior inferior articular surface is flat or more or less concave in Man and 
the Gorilla, generally it is slightly convex, and sometimes, as in Ateles and Loris, 
strongly so. 
Naviculare . — This bone is always short disto-proximally in the Anthropoidea, longer 
in Indris and Microcebus *, but enormously long in Galago and Tarsius, especially the 
latter. 
As compared with the os calcis, its length is also greatest in Galago and Tarsius, and 
its proportion in Microrhynchus greatly exceeds that in Indris or that in Lemur ; in the 
Anthropoidea also it is relatively very short. 
Its anterior and posterior faces are in Man nearly vertical and parallel. In all the 
other Anthropoidea the posterior face slopes more or less obliquely downwards, so 
that it looks somewhat upwards. In Lemur the two surfaces diverge as they de- 
scend from the dorsum, and they appear to do so generally in the other Lemuroidea, 
except in the Nycticebinse, where they are again about parallel and nearly vertical. 
The tuberosity of the naviculare is sometimes very large ; it is so, and remarkably pro- 
duced backwards, in IJylobates. It also extends much backwards in Ateles, Mycetes, 
and Cebus, but downwards in Lagothrix. This process in Man is generally f quite small. 
The surfaces for the reception of the cuneiform bones are generally more convex and 
concave than in Man, but the convexity attains its relative maximum in Loris (Plate XIV. 
fig. 10), where two strongly projecting tubercles support the ento- and meso-cuneiform 
bones. 
The naviculare almost always articulates distinctly with the cuboides ; sometimes, 
however, only very slightly so. 
Ento-cuneiforme . — The prevailing form of the internal cuneiform bone is antero- 
posteriorly short above, but longer towards the sole, i. e. its vertical extent is con- 
siderably greater at its distal than at its proximal end (Plate XIV. figs. 12 & 13). 
Man, the Gorilla, and Orang differ from all other Primates in the more complete 
equality of the antero-posterior dimensions above and below, and of the vertical extent 
in front and behind (Plate XIV. fig. 11). 
It is short antero-posteriorly as compared with its height in the Lemuroidea, especially 
in Indris, and most of all in the Nycticebinse. 
The outer surface is but slightly concave in Man, and some others, as Troglodytes 
and Ateles. It is more or less markedly concave in the lower Simiidse. 
The surface for the hallux has its long axis directed from the dorsum of the ento- 
cuneiforme towards the sole, and, except in Man, is always strongly convex. 
* Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 624, fig. 1. 
f In the skeleton of a giant, No. 5905 is, in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, the tuberosity is 
very much produced, hut not antero-posteriorly expanded. It is also rather produced in the skeleton of 
O’Byrne in the same Museum. Mr. Henry Hancock (lectures before referred to, ‘Lancet’ for June 16, 1866) 
calls attention to these instances. 
