ME. ST. GEORGE MIVART ON THE SKELETON OE THE PRIMATES. 
401 
The proportion of the longest digit of the foot to the longest one of the hand (meta- 
tarsal and metacarpal included) is less in Man than in any other of the Primates except 
the Chimpanzee, Hylobates, and Cheiromys. 
The excess in length of the third digit of the manus over the third digit of the pes (with- 
out the metacarpal and metatarsal) is far greater in Man than in any other Primate ex- 
cept the Orang. 
The distal ends of the metatarsals are small, and the vertical diameter predominates 
more over the transverse one than in the other Primates. 
The successive shortening of the three divisions of the pes (tarsus, metatarsus, and 
digits) exists in Man alone of all Primates ; also the great flattening of the plantar sur- 
face of the fifth metatarsal. 
The proportion of the index to the spine is less than in any others of the Order except 
Perodicticus and Arctocebus. 
The proportion borne by the second metatarsal to the pes is intermediate ; that of the 
index of the foot to the index of the hand is less than in any other Primates except 
Troglodytes, Hylobates, and Tarsius. 
That of the longest digit, without its metatarsalj to the longest metatarsal is much 
less than in any other Primate whatever : that of the same to the tarsus is also less than 
in any ; but the proportion is approached by Galago, Tarsius, and the Gorilla. 
The extent to which the hallux reaches with regard to the index is greater than in 
almost all, but is exceeded by that in Perodicticus and Arctocebus. 
Thus the characters absolutely peculiar to Man, as compared with all the rest of the 
Primates, are — 
1. The very inward aspect of the head of the humerus. 
2. The radius being less than three-fourths the length of the humerus *. 
3. The small relative distance between the anterior spinous processes of the ilium. 
4. The large size of the acetabulum compared with the length of the os innominatum. 
5. The small length of the os innominatum compared with the breadth of the pelvis. 
6. The small distance between the inferior posterior spinous process of the ilium and 
the spine of the ischium, compared with that between the anterior inferior spinous process 
of the ilium and the symphysis pubis. 
7. The fact that the length of the crest of the ilium (measured along its curves) about 
equals that of the os innominatum. 
8. The strongly concavo-convex outer surface of the ilium, with marked gluteal lines. 
9. The great concavity and' inward direction of the iliac fossa. 
10. The strongly marked concavity of the sciatic notches, and sharply projecting spine 
of the ischium. 
11. The coexistence of small tuberosities, prolonged up nearly to the ischial spines, 
with a broad ilium. 
12. The absolute length of the femur. 
* Though, as far as I have seen, Man is the only Primate ever So conditioned, yet he does not appear to be 
invariably so. See above, note ±, p. 31 1. 
