AMERICAN FRUIT AND VEGETABLE JOURNAL. 
Mas, r.joo 
58 
nut germinate after it fa 1 1 « upon the sip 
inn. Perhaps a long spell of Wet weather 
may even kill the pistils after they have 
been fertilised. 
Tims a rain >1 urine the blooming sens n 
limy rli'i n nse the sotting of fruit 111 fo. r 
Mays: ill By preventing tie- pulton from 
reaching the Btiginu, Iioth lavniisc It Is Pm 
wet to fly nnd bre.nise pollen -on try I Off In 
sects nre nic-ent. This I* Important tut It 
« hen the rain Inals several days and Bins 
of I hi- pistils pass their rceepl Ive state I 0 
7 k I’ll ell In (iirm] I.y rein. Mileti nuiKid- 
Bed I'ampare Fig 80, 
fore the ruin censes, ch Itv destroying the 
i lrnllty of the pollen, ai By injuring the 
Himim. i|i itv preventing feritltentlon or 
Hie germination of ihe pollen bemuse of 
low tempera lure. 
Blossoms May Be Injured by Strong or Dry- 
ing Winds. 
Nenr the s.-a nnd large lnkia fruit Mo*, 
“"ms may In whipped nir |.\ very Hereto 
svlriifM. in Kuch iumi a mixed wlntihrenk 
of dee d nous and evergreen trees mny he 
"'"■'I advantage. Drying winds during 
hlossmnlnc Henson niv not eotnmon In 
tlie east hut fire often seriou* In sum • 
ports of the west imther Burbank. one of 
out I lest observers nnd expi-rtinenters In 
"iTimrd pull hint Ion. sa.vs n dry wind aome- 
tlnies onuses a short fruit crop In some 
imris nl riillfoiiiln h v drying up the Jnle.., 
“I ihe sllgimi mi Unit ll.e piilkoi ennimt ger- 
lijiar.io. 
" Hi;i,isii,Mii,ny 
s "" Hie Influences tvhleh ilccreaw llir 
H,, "l"y or fruit hnv. 1 described The*, 
w.;r.' uienlloiied only to multi- more eleoi 
:l lull; about sell’-slenlll y. nil tnllu, lire 
II hteh Is second only to the winter Injury 
"i fruit Imdu hi the loss caused to the com 
""‘r'-im fruit grower The loss from on 
rtttonil.l.* w enther usunlly eniiimt 1 ... pro 
t' llled let' Ihe loss from Kclf-stcrlllty rail 
III 11 large luensure he less, ro d The loner 
Mil' lei* 1 deserves mule thitii ihe brief tio- 
11 ,iaK ,H “‘ n «’"•« t" the former nt 
UlVB tituc. 
Tln re ;ir ,. s„, I)( . , n ... w|| | f .j 1 r „|| 
; ,r "; r Wi " - -t or III. fril l 
■ '' ll in the most fo vnruhle s. -mous Tina 
T ,v , solid Murk*. or nt n 
■ll»ti,nee from any other variety. Want 
" "f the some vn- 
! \ ' U t'' *«'''•"• "i.m frilMfnl; hut If 
1 . i “ of olhr, varieties me pl 8 i,i..,| m.,r 
K V are often jund, fruitful A si If Me:- 
»...y nP ." *’ ^ ' Vhl ’" ""Hid., lo set 
fuel when alone; In order lo he productive 
- , i'v T m, : U " """ "'her to- 
; , rw « very eunonotllt self, 
tefll. are Miner amt Wild Goes,, plums 
go hhu V; s of I lie KlefT.'r ;( .,d some 
! ""■-"••'I prone orchard. o„ 
’"MTontuHe mu. 
f . >eo-ldes these Striking examples 
il.eie Is reason for Udlcving u,at much u' 
the unsatisfactory fruiting of orchards nil 
over the eocntry Is duo to the Isolation or 
Indlscrlnilnale mixing of varieties. 
Main Cause of S.-lf-St-nlity. 
In general, the cause of self sterility !< 
ihllt Hie pollen of a vai nly Is tumble to 
fertilise ih. p's* its of Hull same vurlHy 
I loll i-. i| pollen from a Wild Goose lilt's - 
sum full' mi 11 Wild tJoos. plMlI, whvthio 
on 'h. same tree or unv other W ltd Gno r 
tret-, no fruit will ivmiIi as 11 nila. The 
pollen of a self *ieiih- variety 111:1 y he nod 
genera 11} 1- produced in ahuudntne ami b 
'tell fornit'rl. W ild Goose L.'iiel'nlly lieavs 
pollen I'rrely. although II Is one of I he most 
self sterile varieties in e|l||| v,||bl). The 
lla rt let t pear is often ". if sterile, yel '« 
perfect, I Fig. fin.) The pollen or it self- 
sterile vnriefj aim has thalllt. for It will 
fertlllxe the pistils ..f olker vtirietles. I'ov 
example, plant together trees of tin- two 
self, sterile varietjc-, Miner ami Wild tin ee 
end Imi It will often he made fruitful, he- 
• allHe the pollen of .aieh tlooigli lilferllk* 
on Itself, |. fertile Oil Hie oilier, II Is IPO 
known In wluil way fills infertility I* um- 
ally show n, hid with W ild < im.se nt least, 
the pollen grain actually goriuiim les apd 
the pollen tube parses down to the ovule. 
Why the two sexes an* imithlc to uoJIe 
tile <01 its associated plat 11 b. The nnmnnf 
of pollen which flowers produce in grcnily 
mmllfled I'y weather eoiidlHoiis ami the 
vigor of tho tree. 
Many pinnis are worked <01 Wurlnmm 
amt Miner Moofcn, two of (he most «i 1 r 
sierlle vatleHes In eioomoii eljIHvullotl II 
has been though' that pns.lhly ther.. 
ndchi t.e an liitliieiiee <>t the -tnek on tlm 
sehni In tin- dlreetloji ot self- -o, min ton 
this nSMIUiptliui so ions to la* wllhnut f old 
rial Ion 
I'limllv . tlm stauteux olid pi * 1 1 Is of a 
five may not mu t im> sliiiliUnJiwmxlv , 
wldfli wfluM make a tree ilpfruffflll iiid* :,- 
pollen is xnppr,eal from other sources. 
W iili limn.' ytirlel h - of orehnnl fruits the 
I'islil "f fill'll llOWer nut Mires a Mill.' before 
1 he stamens; and not tnriciiuenily ihe sin- 
nans mature ljifote tlm pl«dll la ready to 
1 twelve III. pollen lint lliere Ih iwunll' 
er.migli variation In (he opening of flowers 
mi tlm same ircc to pmninlc po|]||U)tl»lt 
with eaeli other and so prevent serious 
loss from this alternate ripening or tlm 
s. xes Defective pistils, sen nly pollen sup- 
ply, and the premature ripening of either 
pislils of si a mens may often lie luiporlant 
In determining the frnltfitlne«H of a tree, 
i'll! Hie main cause of iihfiiiil fulness In 
a Her having got thus far, r],c einhryolo- 
uud lut“ not yet p.|,| 
Minor Cauwj »r Srlf-Sttrrtllly. 
Aside from til, liupoiioiev of pollen, the 
main euuHi of H'lf.sierlllt). I hi a e mav t.e 
M 'enil other Im idental cause., Goff ami 
Waugh ha Vi Hlmwn that sell slmllr. Vjtrle- 
He.' of nn live phlll.a oftr-u tut Vi’ targe per 
•.-III of pMHu "Id, I, Hft - I,,,, xv Mk III ill- 
v<d..p Into null. Till- , '.odd Hot t.e II geli- 
"‘" l <" “elf slei’llli v , However. r..i 
r; i *v: i r ,| “ M*m.nj h>* hum.. 
1 1 ultriil In planting rulmt- viirli.o|e« near 
ih. i|, I his bUp". III., I till'd' are enough 
sound pistil* on H.e tree for u good prop of 
unit, provid'd they reeelvp tlm right kitnl 
ot pollen 
'gain, ih< Wimspiim of some vnrletiex 
n ay prodm Ion a small amount or p.dh-o, 
When tlm.e vurloiles are plained 
Hiey 1, m,' not have enough pollen to set 
n good crop, even though the pollen le fer- 
OI..-I splfsterlle v n 1 let leg tH tlm failure of 
lie pollen o fertilise ||h |,M0elntP(l |.1 hI1I. 
I Id. . pise nn he removed, hut Its In 
lOtnillH results May nf It'll he prevented I,.' 
ft J ilil It* lull* ft l* i'i <t>ii of rnrirttf‘8, 
A 1‘factlcsl Application 
I 0 - pra. tl. fil hearing ot the Helf-sl o ill, v 
pi ohh'O' Is tills: I'lll I e a, Halil ' Mi l, dir- 
1 'lull which we "i«|, ti, UIU 'V |„, v ..|; for 
H.e tteimtol Inn : l.et, |„„ 
are no. productive "he,, 
he> need tie |,olle,i ..t|„., v „,|.,,|,s ,0 
;V K ; ton*' de 
V hat -or ., ..f |„ OH1 |„|p||| K s„| HOIII 
Brov.io.'- have hern, doing r,„. plain 
t, 7n,' i“i" T pollinlH t's 
O' ehnrilisis 1,1mm ih. \iiantie conn 1 ,,,'. 
been ooliged ,0 do thl H with KlolTcr. The 
.Iltfioolae:. often lo,| „ x xv, H, 
,, ehnwi" 'f’wui" 1 "" ttfll'Miduellve 
r. , .1 . ' Uv, " ,, ‘ '‘ , " t " made 
fiultful by being purtlallv lop. worked will. 
