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JOURNAL? 
713 MASONIC TEMPLE, CHICAGO, ILL. 
WHY. WHEN AND HOW TO SPRAY. 
II. M. Dmilii|), Savoy. 
Superlutendimt Horticultural Experi- 
ment Station No. 4. 
For American Fruit nnd Vegetable Grower: 
In early spring time when the buds first 
begin to open into life, and their young 
them in the form of fungus parasite to the 
ultimate destruction of the leaf nnd it falls 
prematurely fl'oiri the tree. This early 
dropping from the tree arrests the develop- 
ment of the fruit which the tree is carry- 
ing and cheeks the full development of the 
fruit buds for the next crop of fruit, or 
pro veil Is altogether their formation. 
where they send their rootlets (mycelium) 
through the leaf surface In among the cells 
and are henceforth impervious to remedies, 
their little rootlets feeding upon Hie sup of 
the tree like the parasite that it is. This 
leaf fungus, we usually call “leaf rust" or 
“scab." This fungus does not confine Itself 
to the leaf, but ataeks the young fruit In 
Fig. > .—On the left, Widow Twig apples, from trees sprayed four to seven days after blossoms foil. Ou the right, from 
leaves begin to develop, an enemy utlacks 
•Head at State flort. Meeting, Spring- 
field, III., December, 1800. Mr. Dunlap Is 
president of State Ilort. Sac. and now rep- 
resents the United Slates horticultural In- 
terests at the Purls Exposition, 
trees sprayed Inter. 
Fungus. 
The fungus 1ms Its origin In spores which 
live over from Ihe preceding season upon 
the dead leaves, When the coudUlons of 
Ihe atmosphere are Just right In the spring 
Ihe spores rise Into Hie air and, limiting 
about, become lodged upon the leaf surface 
lls early development as well Without 
the aid of the microscope, this fungus Is 
not seen lu lls early singes, hut when the 
leaf begins to I urn brown In spots, nod the 
scabby places become prominent upon the 
fruit, we realize that the promise of an 
nbundnnt apple crop Is likely lo go nnful- 
