Annals of Botany 
EDITED BY 
DUKINFIELD HENRY SCOTT, M.A., LL.D., D.Sc., F.R.S. 
LATELY HONORARY KEEPER OF THE JODRELL LABORATORY, ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW 
JOHN BRETLAND FARMER, D.Sc., M.A., F.R.S. 
PROFESSOR OF BOTANY, ROYAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE, LONDON 
FRANCIS WALL OLIVER, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S. 
QUAIN PROFESSOR OF BOTANY, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON 
AND 
ROLAND THAXTER, M.A., Ph.D. 
PROFESSOR OF CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANY IN HARVARD UNIVERSITY, CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U.S.A. 
ASSISTED BY OTHER BOTANISTS 
VOLUME XXXI 
With Twenty-three Plates and One Hundred and Forty Figures in the Text 
LONDON 
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HUMPHREY MILFORD, OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 
AMEN CORNER, E.C. 
Edinburgh, Glasgow, New York, Toronto, Melbourne, and Bombay 
