from the Tertiary of Japan. 103 
of trcie ‘resin cells’) surrounding the traumatic resin canal can be readily 
distinguished. A close study reveals septate tracheides ( c parenchyma 
tracheides’ of Penhallow) in a more lateral position. The resiniferous 
space is obviously discontinuous and fistular in the longitudinal direction, 
as is commonly found to be the case with traumatic resin canals in the 
living representatives of the Coniferales. PI. IV, Fig. 4 reproduces the 
upper region of the foregoing, more highly magnified. A row of short 
tracheary elements can be discerned a little to the left of the secretory 
space. Farther to the left lies a row of 4 resin cells’. In PI. IV, Fig. 5 
is exhibited a radial view of the uncollapsed spring wood, and at the 
same time a tangential section of the summer tracheides. This unconform- 
able arrangement is the result of the distortion accompanying fossilization. 
In our species the radial pits of the walls of the tracheides are usually in a 
single row in the summer elements, and are frequently biseriate and opposite 
in the broader tracheides of the spring growth. These pores are round or 
oval in shape. The lateral pits of the rays are oval with a distinct border, 
a feature considered by Penhallow to be of diagnostic value for the genus 
Sequoia. PI. IV, Fig. 6 shows the 4 bars of Sanio ’ in a spring tracheide, 
much magnified. They present an unusual condition, for Haidenhain’s 
haematoxylin stains them a deep blue as in recent material of Sequoia , 
showing that the pectic cellulose has here for some reason maintained 
its position and not been macerated away, leaving an empty space, as 
is more usually the case in fossil coniferous woods, both Mesozoic and 
Tertiary. It is difficult to imagine why such delicate features have in this 
case been preserved. Possibly the large amount of tannin present in the cell- 
wall has acted inhibitively on the common pectic dissolution. The distinct 
presence of ‘bars of Sanio’ clearly fixes the general systematic position 
of our fossil. It has been pointed out by Jeffrey 1 and Holden 2 that trau- 
matic resin canals may occur in the Araucarian series as well as among those 
Conifers with immediate Abietineous affinities. A satisfactory criterion for 
separating such woods in those instances where they manifest traumatic 
resin canals is the presence or absence of the 4 bars of Sanio ’. Clearly on 
this evidence our Cupressinoxylon belongs to the general Abietineous series, 
and since only Sequoia here possesses traumatic resiniferous spaces, a refer- 
ence to that genus is unquestionably indicated. Penhallow was the first to 
call attention to the presence of resin canals in Sequoia . 3 He considered 
them, however, to be normal features of wood structure, and only noted their 
presence in 5 . semper virens. Jeffrey has demonstrated that rows of resin 
1 Jeffrey, E. C. : The History, Comparative Anatomy, and Evolution of the Araucarioxylon 
Type. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, vol. xlviii, No. 13, Nov. 1:912. 
2 Holden, Ruth: Contributions to the Anatomy of Mesozoic Conifers, No. 1. Annals of Botany, 
vol. xxvii, No. 107, July, 1913. 
3 Cf. North American Gymnosperms and literature there cited. 
