173 
the Young Epicotyl in some Ranalean Forms. 
cotyledonary petioles on one side and the fusion of their strands at the 
base results in an arrangement at the cotyledonary node precisely similar to 
that found in Ranunculus Ficaria . The plumular structure resembles that 
found in T. asiaticus. 
Caltha. The stem contains a ring of bundles, each surrounded by an 
endodermal sheath. 
The leaves of the seedling are completely sheathing and have but 
a single strand at the base of the petiole. The epicotyledonary structure is 
difficult to elucidate owing to the production of a large number of roots 
from the plumule. It seems to be similar to that of Ranunculus gramineus^ 
except that a protostelic appearance is produced by the almost complete 
absence of pith. 
Berberidaceae. 
Podophyllum. In the subterranean axis of this genus the bundles 
possess each a separate endodermal sheath and a fascicular cambium is 
present. They are in a single ring, while those in the aerial parts are 
scattered, being arranged in three or four irregular circles. The phyllotaxis 
is one-half . 1 
P. Emodi has a long cotyledonary tube bearing two laminae. The 
first leaf breaks through at the base of the tube and itself completely 
encloses the structures within. A lateral root frequently appears at the 
cotyledonary node . 2 
The anatomy of the seedling in this species differs little from that 
found in Aquilegia except in the phyllotaxy. The lateral root mentioned 
above appears in the intercotyledonary plane. 
Berberis. This is a shrubby form and shows a large amount of 
lignified tissue in the form of secondary wood. Broad principal medullary 
rays are found which split up the wood into segments . 3 
In habit the seedlings of the genus resemble those of Ranunculaceae in 
general features, but a cotyledonary tube is almost absent and the cotyle- 
dons sessile. A similar condition was found in some of the species of 
Anemone , for example A. montana. 
The anatomy of the epicotyl is similar to the generalized type described 
for Ranunculaceae. It resembles that of Anemone in particular in the 
angular divergence of the strands of the trifascicular trace at their point of 
insertion. The features of the cotyledonary node and hypocotyl are 
interesting in view of the appearance of tetrarchy in the roots of some 
species as described by Dr. Thomas . 4 B. aquijlorum is mentioned by 
Mr. Sinnott 5 as having as many as eleven leaf-trace bundles in the adult 
1 Holm, Th. : Podophyllum peltalum ; a Morphological Study. Bot. Gaz., vol. xxvii, 1899. 
2 Dickson : Germination of Podophyllum Emodi . Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. xvi, 1885-6. 
3 Solereder’s Systematic Anatomy, p. 45. 
4 Loc. cit., p. 708. 
5 Loc. cit., p. 312. 
